N’chifukwa Chiyani Muyenera Kugula Ufa wa Spermidine? Ubwino Wofunika Kwambiri Ufotokozedwa

Spermidine,Chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti spermidine, ndi chinthu cha triamine polyamine chomwe chimapezeka kwambiri mu zomera monga tirigu, soya, ndi mbatata, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga lactobacilli ndi bifidobacteria, ndi minofu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama. Spermidine ndi hydrocarbon yokhala ndi chigoba cha carbon chooneka ngati zigzag chopangidwa ndi maatomu 7 a carbon ndi magulu a amino kumapeto ndi pakati.

Kafukufuku wamakono wasonyeza kuti spermidine imagwira ntchito mu njira zofunika kwambiri za moyo monga kubwerezabwereza kwa DNA ya maselo, kulembedwa kwa mRNA, ndi kumasulira mapuloteni, komanso njira zambiri zochizira matenda monga kuteteza kupsinjika kwa thupi ndi kagayidwe kachakudya. Imakhala ndi chitetezo cha mtima ndi mitsempha, yoletsa chotupa, komanso yoletsa kutupa, ndi zina zotero. Ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya zamoyo.

Spermidine imaonedwa kuti ndi yoyambitsa mphamvu ya autophagy, njira yobwezeretsanso maselo akale kudzera munjira yomwe maselo akale amadzikonza okha ndikubwezeretsanso mphamvu zawo. Spermidine imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa maselo ndi kupulumuka. M'thupi, spermidine imapangidwa kuchokera ku putrescine yomwe imatsogolera, yomwe imatsogolera ku polyamine ina yotchedwa spermine, yomwe ndi yofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa maselo.

Spermidine ndi putrescine zimalimbikitsa autophagy, njira yomwe imaphwanya zinyalala zamkati mwa selo ndikubwezeretsanso zigawo za selo ndipo ndi njira yowongolera khalidwe la mitochondria, malo amphamvu a selo. Autophagy imaphwanya ndikutaya mitochondria yowonongeka kapena yolakwika, ndipo kutaya mitochondria ndi njira yolamulidwa bwino. Polyamines amatha kumangirira ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mamolekyulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosinthasintha. Zimathandizira njira monga kukula kwa maselo, kukhazikika kwa DNA, kuchulukana kwa maselo, ndi apoptosis. Polyamines zimawoneka kuti zimagwira ntchito mofanana ndi zinthu zomwe zikukula panthawi yogawa maselo, ndichifukwa chake putrescine ndi spermidine ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukula ndi kugwira ntchito kwa minofu yathanzi.

Ofufuza anaphunzira momwe spermidine imatetezera maselo ku oxidative stress, zomwe zingawononge maselo ndikuyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana. Anapeza kuti spermidine imayambitsa autophagy. Kafukufukuyu adapeza majini angapo ofunikira omwe amakhudzidwa ndi spermidine omwe amachepetsa oxidative stress ndikulimbikitsa autophagy m'maselo awa. Kuphatikiza apo, adapeza kuti kutseka njira ya mTOR, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhudzidwa ndi kuletsa autophagy, kunawonjezera mphamvu zoteteza za spermidine.

Ndi zakudya ziti zomwe zili ndi spermidine yambiri?

Spermidine ndi polyamine yofunika kwambiri. Kuwonjezera pa kupangidwa ndi thupi la munthu lokha, magwero ake ambiri a chakudya ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'matumbo nawonso ndi njira zofunika kwambiri zopezera chakudya. Kuchuluka kwa spermidine m'zakudya zosiyanasiyana kumasiyana kwambiri, ndipo germ ya tirigu ndi gwero lodziwika bwino la zomera. Zakudya zina zimaphatikizapo mphesa, soya, nyemba, chimanga, tirigu wonse, nandolo, tsabola wobiriwira, broccoli, malalanje, tiyi wobiriwira, mpunga ndi tsabola wobiriwira watsopano. Kuphatikiza apo, zakudya monga bowa wa shiitake, mbewu za amaranth, kolifulawa, tchizi wokhwima ndi durian zilinso ndi spermidine.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti zakudya za ku Mediterranean zili ndi zakudya zambiri zokhala ndi umuna, zomwe zingathandize kufotokoza za "blue zone" komwe anthu amakhala nthawi yayitali m'madera ena. Komabe, kwa anthu omwe sangathe kudya umuna wokwanira kudzera mu zakudya, ma spermidine ndi njira ina yothandiza. Ma spermidine omwe ali mu ma add-ons awa ndi molekyulu yomweyi yomwe imapezeka mwachilengedwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale njira ina yothandiza.

Kodi putrescine ndi chiyani?

Kupanga putrescine kumaphatikizapo njira ziwiri, zonse ziwiri zimayamba ndi amino acid arginine. Mu njira yoyamba, arginine imasinthidwa koyamba kukhala agmatine yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi arginine decarboxylase. Pambuyo pake, agmatine imasinthidwanso kukhala N-carbamoylputrescine kudzera mu ntchito ya agmatine iminohydroxylase. Pamapeto pake, N-carbamoylputrescine imasinthidwa kukhala putrescine, zomwe zimamaliza njira yosinthira. Njira yachiwiri ndi yosavuta, imasintha arginine mwachindunji kukhala ornithine, kenako imasintha ornithine kukhala putrescine kudzera mu ntchito ya ornithine decarboxylase. Ngakhale njira ziwirizi zili ndi masitepe osiyana, zonse ziwiri pamapeto pake zimakwaniritsa kusintha kuchokera ku arginine kupita ku putrescine.

Putrescine ndi diamine yomwe imapezeka m'ziwalo zosiyanasiyana monga kapamba, thymus, khungu, ubongo, chiberekero ndi mazira. Putrescine imapezekanso muzakudya monga tirigu, tsabola wobiriwira, soya, pistachios, ndi malalanje. Kafukufuku waposachedwapa wasonyeza kuti putrescine ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chowongolera kagayidwe kachakudya chomwe chingagwirizane ndi ma macromolecules achilengedwe monga DNA, RNA, ma ligands osiyanasiyana (monga β1 ndi β2 adrenergic receptors), ndi mapuloteni a membrane. , zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha kwa thupi kapena matenda m'thupi.

Mphamvu ya Spermidine

Mphamvu ya Antioxidant: Spermidine ili ndi mphamvu yamphamvu ya antioxidant ndipo imatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi ma free radicals kuti ichepetse kuwonongeka kwa okosijeni ku maselo komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha ma free radicals. M'thupi, spermidine imathanso kulimbikitsa kuwonetsa kwa ma enzymes a antioxidant ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya antioxidant.

Kulamulira kagayidwe ka mphamvu: Spermidine imagwira ntchito yowongolera kagayidwe ka mphamvu ka zamoyo, imatha kulimbikitsa kuyamwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito shuga pambuyo pa kudya, ndipo imakhudza chiŵerengero cha kagayidwe ka aerobic ndi kagayidwe ka anaerobic mwa kuwongolera kugwira ntchito kwa kupanga mphamvu kwa mitochondrial.

mphamvu yotsutsa kutupa

Spermidine ili ndi mphamvu zotsutsana ndi kutupa ndipo imatha kuwongolera momwe zinthu zotupa zimakhudzira kutupa ndikuchepetsa kutupa kosatha. Makamaka yogwirizana ndi njira ya nyukiliya-κB (NF-κB).

Kukula, chitukuko ndi kulamulira chitetezo cha mthupi: Spermidine imagwiranso ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukula, chitukuko ndi kulamulira chitetezo cha mthupi. Ikhoza kulimbikitsa kutulutsa kwa mahomoni okulira m'thupi la munthu ndikuthandizira kukulitsa kukula kwa minofu ndi ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za thupi. Nthawi yomweyo, pakulamulira chitetezo cha mthupi, spermidine imalimbitsa kukana kwa thupi ku mavairasi ndi matenda mwa kulamulira kupanga maselo oyera amagazi ndikulimbikitsa kuchotsa mitundu ya okosijeni yogwira ntchito.

Kuchedwa kukalamba: Spermidine ingathandize kuti thupi lizitsuka ma cell, zomwe zimathandiza kuchotsa ma organelles ndi mapuloteni owonongeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi lichedwe kukalamba.

Kulamulira maselo a glial: Spermidine imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri yolamulira maselo a glial. Imatha kutenga nawo mbali mu machitidwe olumikizirana ma cell ndi kulumikizana kwa magwiridwe antchito pakati pa maselo amitsempha, ndipo imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri yolamulira pakukula kwa ma neuron, kufalikira kwa synaptic, komanso kukana matenda amitsempha.

Chitetezo cha Mtima: Mu gawo la mtima, spermidine imatha kuchepetsa kuchulukana kwa mafuta m'magazi, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa magazi m'magazi, komanso kukonza ntchito ya diastolic, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtima utetezeke. Kuphatikiza apo, kudya spermidine muzakudya kumathandizira kuthamanga kwa magazi ndikuchepetsa matenda a mtima ndi imfa.

Mu 2016, kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu Atherosclerosis adatsimikiza kuti spermidine imatha kuchepetsa kuchulukana kwa mafuta m'maselo a atherosclerotic. M'chaka chomwecho, kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu Nature Medicine adatsimikiza kuti spermidine imatha kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mitsempha ya mtima ndikuwonjezera ntchito ya diastolic, motero kuteteza mtima ndikuwonjezera moyo wa mbewa.

Kuwongolera matenda a Alzheimer's

Kudya spermidine kumathandiza kwambiri pa ntchito yokumbukira ya munthu. Gulu la Pulofesa Reinhart wochokera ku Australia linapeza kuti chithandizo cha spermidine chingathandize kuti okalamba azigwira bwino ntchito yozindikira. Kafukufukuyu adagwiritsa ntchito njira yowunikira anthu okalamba m'malo osiyanasiyana ndipo adalembetsa okalamba 85 m'nyumba 6 zosungira okalamba, omwe adagawidwa mwachisawawa m'magulu awiri ndipo adagwiritsa ntchito milingo yosiyanasiyana ya spermidine. Ntchito yawo yozindikira idayesedwa kudzera mu mayeso okumbukira ndipo adagawidwa m'magulu anayi: palibe dementia, dementia yochepa, dementia yapakati komanso dementia yayikulu. Zitsanzo zamagazi zidasonkhanitsidwa kuti ziwunikire kuchuluka kwa spermidine m'magazi awo. Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa spermidine kunali kogwirizana kwambiri ndi ntchito yozindikira m'gulu losakhala ndi dementia, ndipo kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso cha okalamba omwe ali ndi dementia yocheperako mpaka yocheperako kudakula kwambiri atamwa milingo yambiri ya spermidine.

Autophagy

Spermidine imatha kulimbikitsa autophagy, monga njira yoletsa mTOR (target of rapamycin). Mwa kulimbikitsa autophagy, imathandiza kuchotsa ziwalo ndi mapuloteni owonongeka m'maselo ndikusunga thanzi la maselo.

Spermidine hydrochloride imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana.

Mu gawo la mankhwala, spermidine hydrochloride imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala oteteza chiwindi omwe angathandize chiwindi kugwira ntchito bwino ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi. Kuphatikiza apo, spermidine hydrochloride ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza matenda monga cholesterol yambiri, hypertriglyceridemia, ndi matenda a mtima.

Spermidine hydrochloride imagwira ntchito pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa homocysteine ​​​​(Hcy) m'magazi, potero imachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti spermidine hydrochloride imatha kulimbikitsa kagayidwe ka Hcy ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima mwa kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa Hcy m'magazi.

Kafukufuku wokhudza zotsatira za spermidine hydrochloride pa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima wasonyeza kuti spermidine hydrochloride imatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa Hcy m'magazi, motero kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima. Mu kafukufukuyu, ofufuza adagawa ophunzirawo m'magulu awiri, limodzi likulandira spermidine hydrochloride yowonjezera ndipo lina likulandira placebo.

Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zasonyeza kuti ophunzira omwe adalandira spermidine hydrochloride supplementation anali ndi milingo yochepa kwambiri ya Hcy m'magazi komanso kuchepa kofanana ndi chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima. Kuphatikiza apo, pali maphunziro ena omwe akuchirikiza udindo wa spermidine hydrochloride pochepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima.

Mu gawo la chakudya, spermidine hydrochloride imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera kukoma ndi humectant kuti iwonjezere kukoma kwa chakudya ndikusunga chinyezi cha chakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, spermidine hydrochloride ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati chowonjezera cha chakudya kuti iwonjezere kukula ndi ubwino wa minofu ya nyama.

Mu zodzoladzola, spermidine hydrochloride imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati humectant komanso antioxidant kuti isunge chinyezi pakhungu ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa ma free radicals. Kuphatikiza apo, spermidine hydrochloride ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito mu zodzoladzola za dzuwa kuti ichepetse kuwonongeka kwa kuwala kwa ultraviolet pakhungu.

Mu gawo la ulimi, spermidine hydrochloride imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowongolera kukula kwa zomera kuti zikulitse kukula kwa mbewu ndikuwonjezera zokolola.