Sayansi Yokhudza Urolithin A: Zimene Muyenera Kudziwa

Urolithin A (UA)ndi mankhwala omwe amapangidwa ndi kagayidwe ka zomera m'matumbo m'zakudya zokhala ndi ellagitannins (monga mapomegranate, rasiberi, ndi zina zotero). Amaonedwa kuti ali ndi anti-inflammatory, anti-ukalamba, antioxidant, induction of mitophagy, ndi zina zotero, ndipo amatha kudutsa chotchinga cha magazi ndi ubongo. Kafukufuku wambiri watsimikizira kuti urolithin A imatha kuchedwetsa ukalamba, ndipo maphunziro azachipatala nawonso awonetsa zotsatira zabwino.

Kodi urolithin A ndi chiyani?

Urolithin A (Uro-A) ndi metabolite ya zomera zam'mimba yamtundu wa ellagitannin (ET). Inapezeka mwalamulo ndikutchedwa dzina mu 2005. Fomula yake ya molekyulu ndi C13H8O4, ndipo kulemera kwake kwa molekyulu ndi 228.2. Monga choyambitsa kagayidwe kachakudya ka Uro-A, magwero akuluakulu a chakudya cha ET ndi mapomegranate, sitiroberi, raspberries, walnuts ndi vinyo wofiira. UA ndi chipatso cha ETs chomwe chimasinthidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'matumbo. UA ili ndi mwayi waukulu wogwiritsidwa ntchito popewa ndi kuchiza matenda ambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, UA ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chakudya.

Kafukufuku wokhudza mphamvu ya urolithin yolimbana ndi ma antioxidants wachitika. Urolithin-A siilipo mwachilengedwe, koma imapangidwa ndi kusintha kwa ET ndi zomera za m'matumbo. UA ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi ma ET omwe amasinthidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'matumbo. Zakudya zokhala ndi ET zambiri zimadutsa m'mimba ndi m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono m'thupi la munthu, ndipo pamapeto pake zimasinthidwa makamaka kukhala Uro-A m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono. Kuchuluka pang'ono kwa Uro-A kumatha kupezekanso m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono a m'munsi.

Monga mankhwala achilengedwe a polyphenolic, ma ET akopeka chidwi kwambiri chifukwa cha ntchito zawo zamoyo monga antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic ndi anti-virus. Kuwonjezera pa kupezeka kuchokera ku zakudya monga ma pomegranate, strawberries, walnuts, raspberries ndi amondi, ma ET amapezekanso mu gallnuts, ma pomegranate peels, myrobalan, Dimininus, geranium, betel nut, sea buckthorn leaves, Phyllanthus, Uncaria, Sanguisorba, Mu mankhwala aku China monga Phyllanthus emblica ndi Agrimony.

Gulu la hydroxyl mu kapangidwe ka mamolekyu a ET ndi lozungulira pang'ono, lomwe silimalola kuyamwa ndi khoma la m'mimba, ndipo kupezeka kwake kumakhala kochepa kwambiri. Kafukufuku wambiri wapeza kuti ma ET akadyedwa ndi thupi la munthu, amasinthidwa ndi zomera zam'mimba m'matumbo ndikusinthidwa kukhala urolithin asanalowe. Ma ET amasinthidwa kukhala ellagic acid (EA) m'mimba ya m'mimba, ndipo EA imadutsa m'matumbo. Maluwa a bakiteriya amapitiliza kugwira ntchito ndikutaya mphete ya lactone ndipo amakumana ndi zochita zopitilira dehydroxylation kuti apange urolithin. Pali malipoti akuti urolithin ikhoza kukhala maziko a zotsatira za ET m'thupi.

Kodi bioavailability ya urolithin imakhudzana bwanji ndi?

Poona izi, ngati ndinu wanzeru, mwina mukudziwa kale kuti kupezeka kwa UA kumagwirizana ndi chiyani.

Chofunika kwambiri ndi kapangidwe ka tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, chifukwa si mitundu yonse ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda yomwe ingapange. Zinthu zopangira za UA ndi ellagitannins zomwe zimapezeka kuchokera ku chakudya. Choyambira ichi chimapezeka mosavuta ndipo chili paliponse.

Ma Ellagitannins amathiridwa madzi m'matumbo kuti atulutse ellagic acid, yomwe imasinthidwanso ndi zomera zam'mimba kukhala urolithin A.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku yemwe adachitika mu magazini ya Cell, anthu 40% okha ndi omwe amatha kusintha urolithin A kuchokera ku chinthu chomwe chimalowa m'thupi kukhala urolithin A yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Kodi ntchito za urolithin A ndi ziti?

Kuletsa kukalamba

Chiphunzitso cha free radical chokhudza ukalamba chimakhulupirira kuti mitundu ya okosijeni yomwe imapangidwa mu mitochondrial metabolism imayambitsa kupsinjika kwa okosijeni m'thupi ndikupangitsa ukalamba, ndipo mitophagy imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakusunga thanzi la mitochondrial komanso umphumphu. Zanenedwa kuti UA imatha kuwongolera mitochondrial motero ikuwonetsa kuthekera kochedwetsa ukalamba. Ryu et al. adapeza kuti UA imachepetsa kusokonekera kwa mitochondrial ndikuwonjezera moyo wamoyo mu Caenorhabditis elegans poyambitsa mitophagy; mu makoswe, UA imatha kusintha kuchepa kwa ntchito ya minofu yokhudzana ndi ukalamba, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti UA imasintha ntchito ya mitochondrial powonjezera minofu ndikuwonjezera moyo wa thupi. Liu et al. adagwiritsa ntchito UA kulowererapo mu ukalamba wa fibroblasts. Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti UA idakulitsa kwambiri mawonekedwe a collagen yamtundu I ndikuchepetsa mawonekedwe a matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1). Inayambitsanso yankho la antioxidant lothandizidwa ndi nuclear Factor E2-related factor 2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, Nrf2) limachepetsa ROS yamkati mwa maselo, motero likuwonetsa mphamvu yolimbana ndi ukalamba.

Mphamvu yotsutsa okosijeni

Pakadali pano, maphunziro ambiri achitika pa zotsatira za urolithin zotsutsana ndi antioxidant. Pakati pa ma metabolites onse a urolithin, Uro-A ili ndi mphamvu yamphamvu kwambiri yolimbana ndi antioxidant, yachiwiri pambuyo pa proanthocyanidin oligomers, catechins, epicatechin ndi 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. Kuyesa kwa oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) kwa plasma ya odzipereka athanzi kunapeza kuti mphamvu ya antioxidant inakwera ndi 32% pambuyo pa maola 0.5 atameza madzi a makangaza, koma kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya reactive oxygen sikunasinthe kwambiri, pomwe mu Neuro-In vitro experiments pa maselo a 2a kunapeza kuti Uro-A ikhoza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya reactive oxygen m'maselo. Zotsatirazi zikusonyeza kuti Uro-A ili ndi mphamvu yamphamvu yolimbana ndi antioxidant.

03. Urolithin A ndi matenda a mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi

Kuchuluka kwa matenda a mtima padziko lonse (CVD) kukuwonjezeka chaka ndi chaka, ndipo chiwerengero cha imfa chikupitirirabe. Sikuti zimangowonjezera mavuto azachuma komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu, komanso zimakhudza kwambiri moyo wa anthu. CVD ndi matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Kutupa kumatha kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha CVD. Kupsinjika kwa okosijeni kumakhudzana ndi momwe CVD imachitikira. Pali malipoti akuti zinthu zomwe zimapezeka m'matumbo zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chiopsezo cha CVD.

UA yanenedwa kuti ili ndi mphamvu zotsutsana ndi kutupa komanso antioxidant, ndipo maphunziro oyenerera atsimikizira kuti UA ingathandize kwambiri pa matenda a mtima. Savi et al. adagwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha makoswe a matenda a shuga kuti achite maphunziro a matenda a mtima a shuga ndipo adapeza kuti UA ikhoza kuchepetsa kuyankhidwa koyamba kwa kutupa kwa minofu ya mtima ku hyperglycemia, kukonza malo okhala ndi myocardial microenvironment, ndikulimbikitsa kubwezeretsa kwa contractility ya cardiomyocyte ndi calcium dynamics, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti UA ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala othandizira kuwongolera matenda a mtima a shuga ndikuletsa mavuto ake.

UA ikhoza kukonza ntchito ya mitochondrial ndi minofu mwa kuyambitsa mitophagy. Mitochondria ya mtima ndi ziwalo zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ATP ikhale ndi mphamvu zambiri. Kulephera kugwira ntchito kwa mitochondrial ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha kulephera kwa mtima. Kulephera kugwira ntchito kwa mitochondrial pakadali pano kumaonedwa ngati njira yochizira. Chifukwa chake, UA yakhalanso mankhwala atsopano ochizira matenda a CVD.

Urolithin A ndi matenda a mitsempha

Kutupa kwa mitsempha ndi njira yofunika kwambiri pakukula ndi kukula kwa matenda a neurodegenerative (ND). Kutupa kwa mitsempha komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwa okosijeni ndi kusakanikirana kwa mapuloteni kosazolowereka nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kutupa kwa mitsempha, ndipo ma cytokines oyambitsa kutupa omwe amatulutsidwa ndi neuroinflammation amakhudza kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha.

Kafukufuku wapeza kuti UA imayambitsa ntchito yoletsa kutupa mwa kuyambitsa autophagy ndikuyambitsa njira yoletsa chizindikiro cha 1 (SIRT-1) yochepetsera acetylation, kuletsa kutupa kwa neuroinflammation ndi poizoni wa neuron, ndikuletsa kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti UA ndi wothandizira woteteza mitsempha. Nthawi yomweyo, maphunziro ena apeza kuti UA imatha kuteteza mitsempha mwa kuchotsa mwachindunji ma free radicals ndikuletsa ma oxidases.

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti madzi a makangaza amathandiza kuteteza mitsempha mwa kuwonjezera ntchito ya mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase, kusunga mulingo wa puloteni yotsutsana ndi apoptotic Bcl-xL, kuchepetsa kusonkhana kwa α-synuclein ndi kuwonongeka kwa okosijeni, komanso kukhudza ntchito ya mitsempha ndi kukhazikika. Ma Urolithin ndi metabolites ndi zigawo za ellagitannins m'thupi ndipo ali ndi zochita zamoyo monga kuletsa kutupa, kupsinjika kwa okosijeni, komanso kuletsa apoptosis. Urolithin imatha kuchita ntchito yoteteza mitsempha kudzera mu chotchinga cha magazi ndi ubongo ndipo ndi molekyulu yaying'ono yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito poletsa matenda a mitsempha.

Matenda a Urolithin A ndi matenda otupa mafupa ndi msana

Matenda ofooka amayamba chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo monga ukalamba, kupsinjika, ndi kuvulala. Matenda ofala kwambiri ofooka m'mafupa ndi osteoarthritis (OA) ndi matenda ofooka a msana otchedwa intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Kuchitika kumeneku kungayambitse ululu ndi ntchito zochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito ichepe komanso kuyika pachiwopsezo thanzi la anthu. Njira ya UA pochiza matenda ofooka a msana yotchedwa IDD ikhoza kukhala yogwirizana ndi kuchedwa kwa apoptosis ya maselo a nucleus pulposus (NP). NP ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la intervertebral disc. Imasunga ntchito yachilengedwe ya intervertebral disc pogawa kupanikizika ndikusunga matrix homeostasis. Kafukufuku wapeza kuti UA imayambitsa mitophagy poyambitsa njira yolumikizira ya AMPK, motero imaletsa apoptosis yomwe imachitika chifukwa cha tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) ya maselo a NP a osteosarcoma a anthu ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa intervertebral disc.

Urolithin A ndi matenda a kagayidwe kachakudya

Kuchuluka kwa matenda a kagayidwe kachakudya monga kunenepa kwambiri ndi matenda a shuga kukuchulukirachulukira chaka ndi chaka, ndipo phindu la ma polyphenols azakudya pa thanzi la anthu latsimikiziridwa ndi magulu ambiri ndipo lawonetsa kuthekera kopewera ndi kuchiza matenda a kagayidwe kachakudya. Ma pomegranate polyphenols ndi metabolite yake ya m'mimba UA amatha kusintha zizindikiro zachipatala zokhudzana ndi matenda a kagayidwe kachakudya, monga lipase, α-glucosidase (α-glucosidase) ndi dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) omwe amagwira ntchito mu kagayidwe ka shuga ndi mafuta acid. 4), komanso majini ena ofanana monga adiponectin, PPARγ, GLUT4 ndi FABP4 omwe amakhudza kusiyana kwa adipocyte ndi kuchulukana kwa triglyceride (TG).

Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wina wapezanso kuti UA ili ndi kuthekera kochepetsa zizindikiro za kunenepa kwambiri. UA ndi chinthu chomwe chimachokera ku kagayidwe ka matumbo ka polyphenols. Ma metabolites awa amatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa TG m'maselo a chiwindi ndi ma adipocytes. Abdulrasheed ndi ena adapatsa makoswe a Wistar zakudya zokhala ndi mafuta ambiri kuti ayambe kunenepa kwambiri. Chithandizo cha UA sichinangowonjezera kutulutsa mafuta m'chimbudzi, komanso chinachepetsa kuchuluka kwa minofu ya adipose ya visceral ndi kulemera kwa thupi mwa kuwongolera majini okhudzana ndi lipogenesis ndi oxidation ya mafuta acid. Amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'chiwindi ndi kupsinjika kwake kwa okosijeni. Nthawi yomweyo, UA imatha kuwonjezera mphamvu powonjezera thermogenesis ya minofu ya adipose ya bulauni ndikupangitsa kuti mafuta oyera awoneke bulauni. Njira yake ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa triiodothyronine (T3) m'malo osungira mafuta a bulauni ndi inguinal. Zimawonjezera kupanga kutentha ndipo motero zimatsutsa kunenepa kwambiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, UA ilinso ndi mphamvu yoletsa kupanga melanin. Kafukufuku wapeza kuti UA imatha kufooketsa kwambiri kupanga melanin m'maselo a melanoma a B16. Njira yayikulu ndi yakuti UA imakhudza kuyambitsa kwa tyrosinase kudzera mu kuletsa kwa tyrosinase ya maselo, potero kuchepetsa utoto. Chifukwa chake, UA ili ndi kuthekera komanso mphamvu yoyeretsa ndi kuwunikira mawanga. Ndipo kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti urolithin A ili ndi mphamvu yobwezeretsa ukalamba wa chitetezo chamthupi. Kafukufuku waposachedwa adapeza kuti urolithin A ikawonjezedwa ngati chowonjezera pazakudya, sikuti imangoyambitsa mphamvu ya dera la lymphatic la chitetezo chamthupi cha mbewa, komanso imawonjezera ntchito ya maselo oyambira a hematopoietic. Kugwira ntchito konsekonse kukuwonetsa kuthekera kwa urolithin A kuthana ndi kuchepa kwa chitetezo chamthupi chokhudzana ndi ukalamba.

Mwachidule, UA, monga metabolite ya m'mimba ya phytochemicals zachilengedwe za ET, yakopa chidwi chachikulu m'zaka zaposachedwa. Pamene kafukufuku wokhudza zotsatira za mankhwala ndi njira za UA zikuchulukirachulukira komanso mozama, UA sigwira ntchito kokha pa khansa ndi CVD (matenda a mtima). Ili ndi zotsatira zabwino zopewera komanso zochizira matenda ambiri azachipatala monga ND (matenda a neurodegenerative) ndi matenda a metabolic. Ikuwonetsanso kuthekera kwakukulu kogwiritsa ntchito m'magawo a kukongola ndi chisamaliro chaumoyo monga kuchedwetsa kukalamba kwa khungu, kuchepetsa kulemera kwa thupi ndikuletsa kupanga melanin.

Suzhou Myland Pharm & Nutrition Inc. ndi kampani yolembetsedwa ndi FDA yomwe imapereka ufa wa Urolithin A wapamwamba komanso woyera kwambiri.

Ku Suzhou Myland Pharm, tadzipereka kupereka zinthu zabwino kwambiri pamitengo yabwino kwambiri. Ufa wathu wa Urolithin A umayesedwa bwino kuti ukhale woyera komanso wamphamvu, zomwe zimakutsimikizirani kuti mumapeza chowonjezera chapamwamba chomwe mungachikhulupirire. Kaya mukufuna kuthandiza thanzi la maselo, kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi lanu kapena kulimbitsa thanzi lonse, Ufa wathu wa Urolithin A ndiye chisankho chabwino kwambiri.

Ndi zaka 30 zakuchitikira komanso kutsogoleredwa ndi ukadaulo wapamwamba komanso njira zabwino kwambiri zofufuzira ndi chitukuko, Suzhou Myland Pharm yapanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana zopikisana ndipo yakhala kampani yatsopano yowonjezera sayansi ya moyo, kupanga zinthu mwamakonda komanso kupanga zinthu.

Kuphatikiza apo, Suzhou Myland Pharm ndi kampani yodziwika bwino yopanga mankhwala yomwe ili ndi dzina la FDA. Zipangizo za kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha kampaniyi, malo opangira mankhwala, ndi zida zowunikira ndi zamakono komanso zogwira ntchito zambiri, ndipo zimatha kupanga mankhwala kuyambira mamiligalamu mpaka matani ambiri, komanso zimagwirizana ndi miyezo ya ISO 9001 ndi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi GMP.