Pafupifupi theka la imfa za akuluakulu chifukwa cha khansa zitha kupewedwa mwa kusintha moyo wawo komanso kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi, malinga ndi kafukufuku watsopano wochokera ku American Cancer Society. Kafukufuku wodabwitsayu akuwonetsa momwe zinthu zomwe zingasinthe zomwe zingakhudzire kukula kwa khansa komanso kupita patsogolo kwake. Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zikusonyeza kuti pafupifupi 40% ya akuluakulu aku US azaka 30 kapena kuposerapo ali pachiwopsezo cha khansa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunikira kumvetsetsa momwe moyo umakhalira popewa khansa komanso kulimbikitsa thanzi lawo lonse.
Dr. Arif Kamal, mkulu wa odwala ku American Cancer Society, adagogomezera kufunika kwa kusintha kwa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku kuti achepetse chiopsezo cha khansa. Kafukufukuyu adazindikira zinthu zingapo zofunika zomwe zingasinthe, ndipo kusuta fodya ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha matenda ndi imfa za khansa. Ndipotu, kusuta kokha ndiko komwe kumayambitsa pafupifupi munthu mmodzi pa asanu aliwonse a khansa ndi pafupifupi munthu mmodzi pa atatu aliwonse a khansa. Izi zikuwonetsa kufunikira kwachangu kwa njira zosiya kusuta fodya ndi chithandizo kwa anthu omwe akufuna kusiya chizolowezi choipachi.
Kuwonjezera pa kusuta fodya, zinthu zina zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndi monga kunenepa kwambiri, kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso, kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kusankha zakudya zosayenera, komanso matenda monga HPV. Zomwe zapezekazi zikuwonetsa kugwirizana kwa zinthu zomwe zimakhudza moyo komanso momwe zimakhudzira chiopsezo cha khansa. Mwa kuthana ndi zinthuzi zomwe zingasinthe, anthu amatha kuchitapo kanthu kuti achepetse chiopsezo cha khansa ndikukweza thanzi lawo lonse.
Kafukufukuyu, wofufuza mokwanira zinthu 18 zomwe zingasinthe zomwe zingachitike pa mitundu 30 yosiyanasiyana ya khansa, akuwonetsa momwe moyo umakhudzira kuchuluka kwa khansa komanso imfa. Mu 2019 yokha, zinthuzi zidayambitsa milandu yatsopano yoposa 700,000 ya khansa komanso imfa zoposa 262,000. Deta iyi ikuwonetsa kufunikira kwa maphunziro ambiri komanso kuyesetsa kulowererapo kuti anthu athe kupanga zisankho zolondola zokhudza thanzi lawo komanso moyo wawo.
Ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti khansa imachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa DNA kapena kusintha kwa zakudya m'thupi. Ngakhale kuti majini ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zimathandizanso, kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti zinthu zomwe zingasinthe zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ndi imfa zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kukhudzana ndi dzuwa kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa DNA ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya pakhungu, pomwe mahomoni opangidwa ndi mafuta amatha kupereka zakudya zamitundu ina ya khansa.
Khansa imakula chifukwa DNA yawonongeka kapena ili ndi gwero la michere, anatero Kamal. Zinthu zina, monga majini kapena zinthu zachilengedwe, zingayambitsenso matenda achilengedwe awa, koma chiopsezo chosinthika chimafotokoza kuchuluka kwa milandu ya khansa ndi imfa kuposa zinthu zina zodziwika. Mwachitsanzo, kukhudzana ndi dzuwa kumatha kuwononga DNA ndikuyambitsa khansa ya pakhungu, ndipo maselo amafuta amapanga mahomoni omwe angapereke zakudya ku khansa zina.
“Anthu akadwala khansa, nthawi zambiri amamva ngati alibe mphamvu pa iwo okha,” anatero Kamal. “Anthu amaona kuti ndi mwayi kapena majini oipa, koma anthu amafunika kukhala ndi mphamvu zowongolera ndi kusankha zochita.”
Kafukufuku watsopano akusonyeza kuti khansa zina n'zosavuta kupewa kuposa zina. Koma mu khansa 19 mwa 30 zomwe zinayesedwa, oposa theka la milandu yatsopanoyi idayamba chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe zingasinthe zomwe zingachitike.
Osachepera 80% ya milandu yatsopano ya khansa 10 ikhoza kuyambitsidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zingasinthe, kuphatikizapo milandu yoposa 90% ya melanoma yolumikizidwa ndi kuwala kwa ultraviolet komanso milandu yonse ya khansa ya pachibelekero yolumikizidwa ndi matenda a HPV, zomwe zingapewedwe kudzera mu katemera.
Khansa ya m'mapapo ndi matenda omwe ali ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha milandu yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe zingasinthe, ndipo amuna oposa 104,000 ndi akazi oposa 97,000, ndipo ambiri a iwo amakhudzana ndi kusuta fodya.
Pambuyo pa kusuta fodya, kunenepa kwambiri ndiye chifukwa chachiwiri chachikulu cha khansa, chomwe chimapanga pafupifupi 5% ya milandu yatsopano mwa amuna ndi pafupifupi 11% ya milandu yatsopano mwa akazi. Kafukufuku watsopano wapeza kuti kunenepa kwambiri kumalumikizidwa ndi imfa zoposa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu chifukwa cha khansa ya endometrial, ndulu, mmero, chiwindi ndi impso.
Kafukufuku wina waposachedwapa adapeza kuti anthu omwe adamwa mankhwala otchuka ochepetsa thupi komanso matenda a shuga monga Ozempic ndi Wegovy anali pachiwopsezo chochepa kwambiri cha khansa zina.
"M'njira zina, kunenepa kwambiri kumavulaza anthu monga kusuta fodya," anatero Dr. Marcus Plescia, mkulu wa zachipatala wa Association of State and Local Health Officials, yemwe sanali nawo mu kafukufuku watsopanowu koma adagwirapo ntchito kale kudzera mu mapulogalamu oletsa khansa.
Kulowererapo pa "zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa khalidwe" - monga kusiya kusuta fodya, kudya zakudya zoyenera komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi - "kungathe kusintha kwambiri kuchuluka kwa matenda osatha komanso zotsatira zake," adatero Plessia. Khansa ndi imodzi mwa matenda osatha, monga matenda a mtima kapena matenda a shuga.
Opanga mfundo ndi akuluakulu azaumoyo ayenera kugwira ntchito kuti "apange malo abwino kwa anthu ndikupangitsa thanzi kukhala chisankho chosavuta," adatero. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa anthu okhala m'madera omwe kale anali osauka, komwe sikungakhale kotetezeka kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndipo masitolo okhala ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi sangakhale osavuta kupeza.
Akatswiri amati pamene kuchuluka kwa anthu odwala khansa kukukula msanga ku US, ndikofunikira kwambiri kukhala ndi zizolowezi zabwino msanga. Mukayamba kusuta kapena kuchepetsa thupi lomwe mumapeza, kusiya kusuta kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.
Koma "sikuchedwa kwambiri kusintha izi," adatero Plescia. "Kusintha (makhalidwe azaumoyo) mtsogolo m'moyo kungakhale ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu."
Akatswiri amati kusintha kwa moyo komwe kumachepetsa kukhudzidwa ndi zinthu zina kungachepetse chiopsezo cha khansa mwachangu.
"Khansa ndi matenda omwe thupi limalimbana nawo tsiku lililonse panthawi yogawa maselo," adatero Kamal. "Ndi chiopsezo chomwe mumakumana nacho tsiku lililonse, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kuchepetsa kungakupindulitseninso tsiku lililonse."
Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu n’zofunika kwambiri chifukwa zikusonyeza kuthekera koteteza matenda kudzera mu kusintha kwa moyo. Mwa kuika patsogolo moyo wathanzi, kuchepetsa kulemera, ndi thanzi lonse, anthu amatha kuchepetsa chiopsezo chawo cha khansa. Izi zikuphatikizapo kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse, kusunga kulemera koyenera komanso kupewa zizolowezi zoipa monga kusuta fodya komanso kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-15-2024
