NAD+ imatchedwanso coenzyme, ndipo dzina lake lonse ndi nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Ndi coenzyme yofunika kwambiri mu tricarboxylic acid cycle. Imalimbikitsa kagayidwe ka shuga, mafuta, ndi amino acid, imatenga nawo mbali popanga mphamvu, komanso imatenga nawo mbali pazinthu zambirimbiri mu selo iliyonse. Deta yambiri yoyesera ikuwonetsa kuti NAD+ imagwira ntchito kwambiri m'zinthu zosiyanasiyana zofunika pa thupi m'thupi, motero imalowerera mu ntchito zofunika kwambiri zamaselo monga kagayidwe ka mphamvu, kukonza DNA, kusintha majini, kutupa, kayimbidwe ka zamoyo, komanso kukana kupsinjika.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wofunikira, kuchuluka kwa NAD+ m'thupi la munthu kumachepa ndi ukalamba. Kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa NAD+ kungayambitse kuchepa kwa mitsempha, kutayika kwa masomphenya, kunenepa kwambiri, kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito a mtima ndi kuchepa kwina kwa magwiridwe antchito. Chifukwa chake, momwe mungakulitsire kuchuluka kwa NAD+ m'thupi la munthu nthawi zonse kwakhala funso. Nkhani yofufuza kwambiri m'gulu la akatswiri azachipatala.
Chifukwa, pamene tikukalamba, DNA kuwonongeka kumawonjezeka. Panthawi yokonza DNA, kufunikira kwa PARP1 kumawonjezeka, ntchito ya SIRT imakhala yochepa, kugwiritsa ntchito NAD+ kumawonjezeka, ndipo kuchuluka kwa NAD+ kumachepa mwachibadwa.
Thupi lathu limapangidwa ndi maselo pafupifupi 37 thililiyoni. Maselo ayenera kumaliza "ntchito" zambiri kapena zochita zamaselo - kuti adzisunge okha. Selo lililonse la maselo anu 37 thililiyoni limadalira NAD+ kuti ligwire ntchito yake yopitilira.
Pamene anthu padziko lonse akukalamba, matenda okhudzana ndi ukalamba monga matenda a Alzheimer's, matenda a mtima, mavuto a mafupa, tulo, ndi matenda a mtima akhala matenda ofunikira omwe amaika pachiwopsezo thanzi la anthu.
NAD+ Mlingo wa khungu umachepa ndi ukalamba, kutengera muyeso wochokera ku zitsanzo za khungu la munthu:
Zotsatira za muyeso zikusonyeza kuti pamene ukalamba ukuwonjezeka, NAD+ m'thupi la munthu imachepa pang'onopang'ono. Ndiye n'chiyani chimayambitsa kuchepa kwa NAD+?
Zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa NAD+ ndi izi: ukalamba ndi kufunikira kwakukulu kwa NAD+, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti milingo ya NAD+ ichepe m'maselo ambiri, kuphatikizapo chiwindi, minofu ya mafupa, ndi ubongo ichepe. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa izi, kusokonekera kwa mitochondrial, kupsinjika kwa okosijeni ndi kutupa kumaganiziridwa kuti kumathandizira ku mavuto azaumoyo okhudzana ndi ukalamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuzungulira koopsa.
1. NAD+ imagwira ntchito ngati coenzyme mu mitochondria kuti ilimbikitse kagayidwe kachakudya, NAD+ imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu kagayidwe kachakudya monga glycolysis, TCA cycle (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Krebs cycle kapena citric acid cycle) ndipo unyolo woyendera ma electron, ndi momwe maselo amapezera mphamvu. Kukalamba ndi zakudya zama calorie ambiri zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa NAD+ m'thupi.
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti m'makoswe akale, kumwa mankhwala owonjezera a NAD+ kumachepetsa kulemera chifukwa cha zakudya kapena ukalamba komanso kukulitsa luso lochita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wasintha zotsatira za matenda a shuga m'makoswe achikazi, zomwe zasonyeza njira zatsopano zothanirana ndi matenda a kagayidwe kachakudya monga kunenepa kwambiri.
NAD+ imamangirira ku ma enzyme ndikusamutsa ma elekitironi pakati pa mamolekyu. Ma elekitironi ndiye maziko a mphamvu ya maselo. NAD+ imagwira ntchito pa maselo monga kubwezeretsanso batire. Ma elekitironi akatha, batire imafa. M'maselo, NAD+ imatha kulimbikitsa kusamutsa ma elekitironi ndikupereka mphamvu ku maselo. Mwanjira imeneyi, NAD+ imatha kuchepetsa kapena kuwonjezera ntchito ya ma enzyme, kulimbikitsa kufotokozera majini ndi ma signaling a maselo.
NAD+ imathandiza kuwongolera kuwonongeka kwa DNA
Pamene zamoyo zikukalamba, zinthu zoipa zachilengedwe monga kuwala kwa dzuwa, kuipitsa chilengedwe, ndi kubwerezabwereza kwa DNA kolakwika zimatha kuwononga DNA. Iyi ndi imodzi mwa mfundo za ukalamba. Pafupifupi maselo onse ali ndi "makina a mamolekyu" okonzera kuwonongeka kumeneku.
Kukonza kumeneku kumafuna NAD+ ndi mphamvu, kotero kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa DNA kumawononga zinthu zofunika kwambiri m'maselo. Ntchito ya PARP, puloteni yofunika kwambiri yokonzanso DNA, imadaliranso NAD+. Kukalamba kwabwinobwino kumapangitsa kuti kuwonongeka kwa DNA kuchuluke m'thupi, RARP imawonjezeka, motero kuchuluka kwa NAD+ kumachepa. Kuwonongeka kwa DNA ya Mitochondrial pa sitepe iliyonse kudzawonjezera kuchepa kumeneku.
2. NAD+ imakhudza ntchito ya majini okhala ndi moyo wautali otchedwa Sirtuins ndipo imaletsa ukalamba.
Majini opangidwa kumene otchedwa sirtuins, omwe amadziwikanso kuti "alonda a majini," amachita gawo lofunika kwambiri pakusunga thanzi la maselo. Sirtuins ndi banja la ma enzyme omwe amagwira ntchito poyankha kupsinjika kwa maselo komanso kukonza kuwonongeka. Amathandizanso kutulutsa insulin, ukalamba, komanso matenda okhudzana ndi ukalamba monga matenda amitsempha ndi matenda a shuga.
NAD+ ndi mafuta omwe amathandiza ma sirtuin kusunga umphumphu wa majini ndikulimbikitsa kukonzanso kwa DNA. Monga momwe galimoto singakhalire popanda mafuta, ma Sirtuin amafunikira NAD+ kuti ayambe kugwira ntchito. Zotsatira za kafukufuku wa nyama zikuwonetsa kuti kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa NAD+ m'thupi kumayendetsa mapuloteni a sirtuin ndikuwonjezera moyo wamoyo mu yisiti ndi mbewa.
3. Ntchito ya mtima
Kukweza kuchuluka kwa NAD+ kumateteza mtima ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a mtima. Kuthamanga kwa magazi kungayambitse kukula kwa mtima ndi kutsekeka kwa mitsempha, zomwe zingayambitse sitiroko. Pambuyo powonjezera kuchuluka kwa NAD+ mumtima kudzera mu zowonjezera za NAD+, kuwonongeka kwa mtima komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kubwereranso kwa magazi kumalepheretsedwa. Kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti zowonjezera za NAD+ zimatetezanso mbewa ku kukula kwa mtima kosazolowereka.
4. Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha
Mu mbewa zomwe zili ndi matenda a Alzheimer's, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa NAD+ kumawonjezera ntchito ya ubongo mwa kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni omwe amasokoneza kulumikizana kwa ubongo. Kukweza kuchuluka kwa NAD+ kumatetezanso maselo a ubongo kuti asafe pamene magazi sakuyenda mokwanira kupita ku ubongo. NAD+ ikuwoneka kuti ili ndi lonjezo latsopano loteteza ku kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ndikuwongolera kukumbukira.
5. Chitetezo cha mthupi
Pamene tikukalamba, chitetezo chathu chamthupi chimachepa ndipo timakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda. Kafukufuku waposachedwapa akusonyeza kuti kuchuluka kwa NAD+ kumathandiza kwambiri pakulamulira momwe chitetezo chamthupi chimayankhira komanso kutupa komanso kupulumuka kwa maselo panthawi ya ukalamba. Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuthekera kwa NAD+ kuchiza matenda osagwirizana ndi chitetezo chamthupi.
6. Yang'anirani kagayidwe kachakudya
Kulimbana ndi kuwonongeka kwa okosijeni
NAD+ ingathandize kuchepetsa ukalamba mwa kuletsa kutupa, kuwongolera redox homeostasis ya thupi, kuteteza maselo ku kuwonongeka, komanso kusunga ntchito zachibadwa za kagayidwe kachakudya.
7. Kuthandiza kuchepetsa zotupa
NAD+ ingathenso kupewa ndi kuchiza khansa ya m'magazi yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi radiotherapy ndi chemotherapy, kuonjezera kukana mankhwala komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito ma antibodies a PD-1/PD-L1 kwa nthawi yayitali, komanso kupititsa patsogolo kuyambitsa maselo a T ndi mphamvu yopha chotupa.
8. Kuwongolera ntchito ya mazira
Mlingo wa NAD+ m'mazira obereketsa akazi umachepa malinga ndi zaka. Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa NAD+ kungathekumawonjezera ntchito ya mitochondrial ya ovari,kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya woipa m'ma oocyte okalamba, ndikuchedwetsa kukalamba kwa mazira.
9. Kuwongolera khalidwe la kugona
NAD+ imatha kusintha kusalinganika kwa kayendedwe ka thupi, kukonza kugona bwino, ndikulimbikitsa kugona mwa kusintha nthawi ya thupi.
Ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za thupi sizimakhalapo zokha. Kulumikizana ndi kuyanjana pakati pawo kuli pafupi kwambiri kuposa momwe timaganizira. Zinthu zomwe zimatulutsidwa ndi selo zimatha kunyamulidwa kupita kulikonse m'thupi nthawi yomweyo; chidziwitso cha neurotransmitter chimafalikira mwachangu ngati mphezi. Khungu lathu, monga chotchinga cha thupi lonse, ndiye mzere wakutsogolo wa nkhondo ndipo limakhala losavuta kuvulala kosiyanasiyana. Ngati kuvulala kumeneku sikungatheke, mavuto osiyanasiyana monga ukalamba amatsatira.
Choyamba, kukalamba kwa khungu kumayenderana ndi kusintha kwa maselo ndi mamolekyu osiyanasiyana, komwe kumatha kufalikira ku minofu kapena ziwalo zina kudzera m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa maselo a p16-positive (chizindikiro cha ukalamba) pakhungu kumagwirizana bwino ndi zizindikiro za ukalamba wa maselo oteteza thupi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zaka zamoyo za khungu zimatha kuneneratu ukalamba wa thupi mpaka pamlingo winawake. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti khungu la microbiota limatha kuneneratu molondola zaka zomwe zimachitika nthawi, zomwe zikutsimikiziranso kulumikizana kwapafupi pakati pa khungu ndi ukalamba wa thupi.
Mabuku akale adanena kuti kukalamba pakati pa ziwalo zosiyanasiyana m'thupi sikuchitika nthawi imodzi, ndipo khungu likhoza kukhala chiwalo choyamba kusonyeza zizindikiro za ukalamba. Kutengera ndi kugwirizana kwapafupi pakati pa ukalamba wa khungu ndi ziwalo zina za thupi, anthu ali ndi chifukwa chokayikira molimba mtima kuti ukalamba wa khungu ungayambitse ukalamba wa thupi lonse.
Kukalamba kwa khungu kungakhudze ubongo kudzera mu dongosolo la endocrine
Kukalamba kwa khungu kungakhudze thupi lonse kudzera mu hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA). Khungu silimangolepheretsa thupi, komanso limagwira ntchito za neuroendocrine ndipo limatha kuyankha ku zinthu zachilengedwe ndi kutulutsa mahomoni, ma neuropeptides ndi zinthu zina.
Mwachitsanzo, kuwala kwa ultraviolet kungayambitse maselo a khungu kutulutsa mahomoni osiyanasiyana ndi zinthu zotupa, monga cortisol ndi cytokines. Zinthuzi zimatha kuyambitsa HPA system pakhungu. Kuyambitsa kwa HPA axis kumapangitsa hypothalamus kutulutsa corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). Izi zimapangitsa kuti anterior pituitary gland itulutse adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), zomwe pamapeto pake zimapangitsa kuti adrenal glands itulutse mahomoni opsinjika monga cortisol. Cortisol ingakhudze madera angapo a ubongo, kuphatikizapo hippocampus. Kupezeka kwa cortisol nthawi yayitali kapena yochulukirapo kungakhudze kwambiri ntchito ya neuronal ndi plasticity mu hippocampus. Izi zimakhudzanso ntchito ya hippocampus ndi momwe ubongo umayankhira kupsinjika.
Kulankhulana kumeneku pakati pa khungu ndi ubongo kumatsimikizira kuti ukalamba ungayambitsidwe ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, zomwe zimayambitsa khungu kenako zimakhudza ubongo kudzera mu HPA axis, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mavuto a m'thupi monga kuchepa kwa chidziwitso komanso chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha matenda a mtima.
Maselo okhwima pakhungu amatulutsa SASP ndikuyambitsa kutupa kuti alimbikitse ukalamba ndi matenda okhudzana ndi ukalamba
Kukalamba kwa khungu kungakhudzenso thupi lonse mwa kulimbikitsa kutupa ndi chitetezo chamthupi. Maselo a khungu okalamba amatulutsa chinthu chotchedwa "senescence-associated secretory phenotype" (SASP), chomwe chimaphatikizapo ma cytokines osiyanasiyana ndi matrix metalloproteinases. SASP ndi yosinthika m'thupi. Imatha kupirira malo owopsa akunja m'maselo abwinobwino. Komabe, pamene ntchito za thupi zikuchepa, kutulutsa kwakukulu kwa SASP kungayambitse kutupa m'thupi ndikuyambitsa kusagwira ntchito bwino kwa maselo oyandikana nawo, kuphatikiza maselo oteteza chitetezo chamthupi ndi maselo a endothelial. Mkhalidwe wotupa wotsika uwu umaganiziridwa kuti ndi wofunikira kwambiri pa matenda ambiri okhudzana ndi ukalamba.
Ma coenzymes amagwira ntchito yokonza zinthu zofunika monga shuga, mafuta, ndi mapuloteni m'thupi la munthu, ndipo amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakulamulira kagayidwe ka zinthu ndi mphamvu m'thupi komanso kusunga magwiridwe antchito abwinobwino a thupi.NAD Ndi coenzyme yofunika kwambiri m'thupi la munthu, yomwe imatchedwanso coenzyme I. Imagwira ntchito m'machitidwe ambirimbiri a redox enzyme m'thupi la munthu. Ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa kagayidwe ka maselo onse. Ili ndi ntchito zambiri, ntchito zazikulu ndi izi:
1. Kulimbikitsa kupanga mphamvu zamagetsi
NAD+ imapanga ATP kudzera mu kupuma kwa maselo, kuwonjezera mphamvu ya maselo mwachindunji ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito a maselo;
2. Kukonza majini
NAD+ ndiye chinthu chokhacho chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza DNA enzyme PARP. Mtundu uwu wa enzyme umagwira ntchito yokonza DNA, umathandiza kukonza DNA ndi maselo owonongeka, umachepetsa mwayi wosintha maselo, komanso umaletsa khansa;
3. Yambitsani mapuloteni onse okhala ndi moyo wautali
NAD+ imatha kuyambitsa mapuloteni onse 7 okhala ndi moyo wautali, kotero NAD+ ili ndi mphamvu yofunika kwambiri pakulimbana ndi ukalamba ndikuwonjezera moyo;
4. Limbitsani chitetezo cha mthupi
NAD+ imalimbitsa chitetezo chamthupi ndikuwonjezera chitetezo chamthupi mwa kusintha mosamalitsa kupulumuka ndi kugwira ntchito kwa maselo olamulira a T.
Chodziwika bwino n'chakuti, ukalamba umayenderana ndi kuchepa pang'onopang'ono kwa milingo ya NAD+ m'maselo ndi minofu m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo, kuphatikizapo makoswe ndi anthu. Kutsika kwa milingo ya NAD+ kumalumikizidwa ndi matenda ambiri okhudzana ndi ukalamba, kuphatikizapo kuchepa kwa chidziwitso, khansa, matenda a kagayidwe kachakudya, sarcopenia, ndi kufooka.
Palibe kuchuluka kosatha kwa NAD+ m'thupi lathu. Zomwe zili ndi ntchito ya NAD+ m'thupi la munthu zimachepa ndi ukalamba, ndipo zimachepa mofulumira munthu akakwanitsa zaka 30, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maselo azikalamba, apoptosis ichitike komanso kuti munthu asamaberekenso.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuchepetsa kwa NAD+ kudzayambitsanso mavuto ambiri azaumoyo, kotero ngati NAD+ singadzabwezeretsedwe pakapita nthawi, zotsatira zake zitha kuganiziridwa.
Zowonjezera kuchokera ku chakudya
Zakudya monga kabichi, broccoli, avocado, steak, bowa, ndi edamame zili ndi zinthu zoyambira za NAD+, zomwe zimatha kusinthidwa kukhala NAD* yogwira ntchito m'thupi mutamwa.
Chepetsani zakudya ndi ma calories
Kuchepetsa ma calories pang'ono kungayambitse njira zowunikira mphamvu mkati mwa maselo ndikuwonjezera milingo ya NAD* mwanjira ina. Koma onetsetsani kuti mukudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi kuti mukwaniritse zosowa za thupi lanu.
Pitirizani kuyenda ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi
Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pang'ono monga kuthamanga ndi kusambira kungathandize kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa NAD+ m'maselo, kuthandiza kuwonjezera mpweya m'thupi komanso kukonza kagayidwe ka mphamvu.
Tsatirani zizolowezi zabwino zogona
Mukakhala m'tulo, thupi la munthu limachita zinthu zambiri zofunika kwambiri monga kagayidwe kachakudya ndi kukonzanso, kuphatikizapo kupanga NAD*. Kugona mokwanira kumathandiza kuti NAD* ikhale yofanana ndi yachibadwa.
05 Zowonjezera za NAD+ precursor substances
Anthu otsatirawa sangalandire chithandizo
Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la impso lochepa, omwe akulandira dialysis, odwala khunyu, amayi apakati, amayi oyamwitsa, ana, omwe akulandira chithandizo cha khansa pakali pano, omwe akumwa mankhwala, komanso omwe ali ndi mbiri ya ziwengo, chonde funsani dokotala wanu.
Q: Kodi zowonjezera za NAD+ zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chiyani?
A: Chowonjezera cha NAD+ ndi chowonjezera cha zakudya chomwe chimawonjezera coenzyme NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). NAD+ imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa kagayidwe ka mphamvu ndi kukonzanso maselo mkati mwa maselo.
Q: Kodi zowonjezera za NAD+ zimagwiradi ntchito?
A: Kafukufuku wina akusonyeza kuti zowonjezera za NAD+ zingathandize kukonza kagayidwe ka mphamvu m'maselo ndikuchepetsa ukalamba.
Q: Kodi zakudya za NAD+ zimachokera kuti?
A: Zakudya zomwe zili ndi NAD+ zimaphatikizapo nyama, nsomba, mkaka, nyemba, mtedza ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Zakudya zimenezi zili ndi niacinamide ndi niacin yambiri, yomwe ingasinthidwe kukhala NAD+ m'thupi.
Q: Kodi ndingasankhe bwanji chowonjezera cha NAD+?
A: Mukasankha zowonjezera za NAD+, ndi bwino kuyamba mwafunsa upangiri kwa dokotala kapena katswiri wa zakudya kuti mumvetse zosowa zanu za zakudya komanso thanzi lanu. Kuphatikiza apo, sankhani mtundu wodziwika bwino, yang'anani zosakaniza za mankhwalawa ndi mlingo wake, ndikutsatira malangizo a mlingo womwe uli patsamba lowonjezera la mankhwalawa.
Chodzikanira: Nkhaniyi ndi yongofuna kudziwa zambiri ndipo siyenera kuonedwa ngati upangiri uliwonse wa zachipatala. Zina mwa zomwe zili mu blog iyi zimachokera pa intaneti ndipo si zaukadaulo. Webusaitiyi ili ndi udindo wosankha, kupanga ndi kusintha nkhani zokha. Cholinga chopereka zambiri sichikutanthauza kuti mukugwirizana ndi malingaliro ake kapena kutsimikizira kuti zomwe zili mkati mwake ndi zoona. Nthawi zonse funsani katswiri wa zaumoyo musanagwiritse ntchito zowonjezera zilizonse kapena kusintha njira yanu yazaumoyo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-06-2024
