NAD+ imatchedwanso coenzyme, ndipo dzina lake lonse ndi nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Ndiwofunikira coenzyme mu tricarboxylic acid cycle. Imalimbikitsa kagayidwe ka shuga, mafuta, ndi ma amino acid, imatenga nawo gawo pakupanga mphamvu, ndipo imachita nawo masauzande ambiri mu cell iliyonse. Zambiri zoyeserera zikuwonetsa kuti NAD + imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana zakuthupi m'thupi, motero imalowererapo pazantchito zazikulu zama cell monga mphamvu ya metabolism, kukonza kwa DNA, kusintha kwa ma genetic, kutupa, ma biological rhythms, komanso kukana kupsinjika.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wofunikira, mulingo wa NAD + m'thupi la munthu utsika ndi zaka. Kutsika kwa milingo ya NAD + kungayambitse kuchepa kwa minyewa, kuwonongeka kwa masomphenya, kunenepa kwambiri, kuchepa kwa ntchito ya mtima ndi kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito. Chifukwa chake, momwe mungakulitsire mulingo wa NAD + m'thupi la munthu nthawi zonse lakhala funso. Mutu wotentha wofufuza m'magulu azachipatala.
Chifukwa, pamene tikukalamba, DNA kuwonongeka kumawonjezeka. Panthawi yokonza DNA, kufunikira kwa PARP1 kumawonjezeka, ntchito ya SIRT imakhala yochepa, kugwiritsa ntchito NAD + kumawonjezeka, ndipo kuchuluka kwa NAD + kumachepa mwachibadwa.
Thupi lathu limapangidwa ndi maselo pafupifupi 37 thililiyoni. Maselo ayenera kumaliza zambiri "ntchito" kapena ma cell - kuti athe kudzisamalira okha. Lililonse mwa maselo 37 thililiyoni anu amadalira NAD+ kuti igwire ntchito yake yopitilira.
Pamene chiwerengero cha anthu chikukula padziko lapansi, matenda obwera chifukwa cha ukalamba monga matenda a Alzheimer, matenda a mtima, matenda a mafupa, kugona, ndi matenda a mtima asanduka matenda ofunika kwambiri omwe amaopseza thanzi la anthu.
NAD + Miyezo imachepa ndi zaka, kutengera miyeso yapakhungu la munthu:
Zotsatira zoyezera zikuwonetsa kuti zaka zikamakula, NAD + m'thupi la munthu imachepa pang'onopang'ono. Ndiye chimayambitsa kuchepa kwa NAD + ndi chiyani?
Zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa NAD + ndi: kukalamba komanso kuchuluka kwa kufunikira kwa NAD +, zomwe zimabweretsa kuchepa kwa NAD + m'matenda ambiri, kuphatikiza chiwindi, chigoba, ndi ubongo. Chifukwa cha kuchepa, kusokonezeka kwa mitochondrial, kupsyinjika kwa okosijeni ndi kutupa zimaganiziridwa kuti zimathandizira ku matenda okhudzana ndi ukalamba, kupanga chizungulire choyipa.
1. NAD + imagwira ntchito ngati coenzyme mu mitochondria kuti ipititse patsogolo kagayidwe kachakudya, NAD + imagwira ntchito makamaka pazochitika za metabolic monga glycolysis, TCA cycle (aka Krebs cycle kapena citric acid cycle) ndi ma electron transport chain, ndi momwe maselo amapezera mphamvu. Kukalamba komanso zakudya zama calorie ambiri zimachepetsa milingo ya NAD + m'thupi.
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti mu mbewa zakale, kutenga NAD + zowonjezera kumachepetsa kudya- kapena kulemera kwa zaka zokhudzana ndi zaka komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wasinthanso zotsatira za matenda a shuga mwa mbewa zazikazi, kuwonetsa njira zatsopano zothana ndi matenda a metabolic monga kunenepa kwambiri.
NAD + imamanga ku michere ndikusamutsa ma elekitironi pakati pa mamolekyu. Ma electron ndiye maziko a mphamvu zama cell. NAD + imagwira ntchito pama cell ngati kulipiritsa batire. Ma electron akagwiritsidwa ntchito, batire imafa. M'maselo, NAD + imatha kulimbikitsa kusamutsa kwa ma elekitironi ndikupereka mphamvu kumaselo. Mwanjira iyi, NAD + imatha kuchepetsa kapena kukulitsa zochitika za enzyme, kulimbikitsa mawonekedwe a jini ndi ma cell signing.
NAD + imathandizira kuwongolera kuwonongeka kwa DNA
Pamene zamoyo zimakalamba, zinthu zoipa za chilengedwe monga kuwala kwa dzuwa, kuipitsa, ndi kubwerezabwereza kwa DNA molakwika kungawononge DNA. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa ziphunzitso za ukalamba. Pafupifupi maselo onse ali ndi "makina a mamolekyu" kuti akonze zowonongekazi.
Kukonza uku kumafuna NAD + ndi mphamvu, kotero kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa DNA kumawononga ma cell amtengo wapatali. Ntchito ya PARP, puloteni yofunika yokonza DNA, imadaliranso NAD +. Ukalamba wamba kumapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa DNA m'thupi, RARP imawonjezeka, chifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa NAD + kumachepa. Kuwonongeka kwa DNA ya Mitochondrial pa sitepe iliyonse kudzakulitsa kuchepa uku.
2. NAD + imakhudza ntchito ya moyo wautali wa majini Sirtuins ndikuletsa kukalamba.
Ma jini omwe angopezedwa kumene a sirtuin, omwe amadziwikanso kuti "oteteza majini," amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri kuti ma cell akhale ndi thanzi. Sirtuins ndi gulu la ma enzyme omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kupsinjika kwa ma cell ndikukonza zowonongeka. Amakhalanso ndi insulin secretion, ukalamba, komanso matenda okhudzana ndi ukalamba monga matenda a neurodegenerative ndi matenda a shuga.
NAD + ndiye mafuta omwe amathandiza kuti ma sirtuin asunge umphumphu wa genome ndikulimbikitsa kukonza kwa DNA. Monga momwe galimoto singakhalire popanda mafuta, Sirtuins amafuna NAD + kuti ayambitse. Zotsatira za kafukufuku wa nyama zikuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa NAD + m'thupi kumayambitsa mapuloteni a sirtuin ndikukulitsa moyo wa yisiti ndi mbewa.
3.Ntchito yamtima
Kukweza milingo ya NAD + kumateteza mtima ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito amtima. Kuthamanga kwa magazi kungayambitse kukulitsa mtima ndi kutsekeka kwa mitsempha, zomwe zingayambitse sitiroko. Pambuyo pobwezeretsanso mulingo wa NAD+ mu mtima kudzera muzowonjezera za NAD+, kuwonongeka kwa mtima komwe kumachitika chifukwa chobwezeretsanso kumaletsedwa. Kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti zowonjezera za NAD + zimatetezanso mbewa kuti zisakule molakwika mtima.
4. Neurodegeneration
Mu mbewa zomwe zili ndi matenda a Alzheimer's, kuchuluka kwa NAD + kumakulitsa magwiridwe antchito anzeru pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni omwe amasokoneza kulumikizana kwaubongo. Kukweza milingo ya NAD + kumatetezanso ma cell aubongo kuti asafe ngati palibe magazi okwanira opita ku ubongo. NAD + ikuwoneka kuti ili ndi lonjezo latsopano poteteza ku neurodegeneration ndikuwongolera kukumbukira.
5. Chitetezo cha mthupi
Tikamakalamba, chitetezo chathu cha mthupi chimachepa ndipo timayamba kudwala. Kafukufuku waposachedwa akuwonetsa kuti milingo ya NAD + imatenga gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera mayankho a chitetezo chamthupi komanso kutupa komanso kupulumuka kwa maselo akamakalamba. Kafukufukuyu akuwunikira kuthekera kochizira kwa NAD + pakulephera kwa chitetezo chamthupi.
6. Kuwongolera kagayidwe
Kulimbana ndi kuwonongeka kwa okosijeni
NAD + imatha kuthandizira kuchedwetsa ukalamba poletsa machitidwe otupa, kuwongolera redox homeostasis ya thupi, kuteteza maselo kuti asawonongeke, kusungabe zochitika za metabolic.
7. Thandizani kupondereza zotupa
NAD+ imathanso kupewa ndikuchiza leukopenia yoyambitsidwa ndi radiotherapy ndi chemotherapy, kupititsa patsogolo kukana kwa mankhwala komwe kumachitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito ma antibodies kwa PD-1/PD-L1 kwa nthawi yayitali, ndikuwongolera kuyambitsa kwa T cell ndi kupha chotupa.
8. Kupititsa patsogolo ntchito ya ovary
Mulingo wa NAD+ m'matumbo am'mimba achikazi umachepa motengera zaka. Kuchulukitsa za NAD + kumathakusintha ntchito ya ovarian mitochondrial,amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa okosijeni mu ukalamba wa oocyte, ndikuchedwetsa kukalamba kwa ovary.
9. Sinthani kugona bwino
NAD+ imatha kukonza kusamvana kwa kayimbidwe ka circadian, kukonza kugona bwino, komanso kulimbikitsa kugona powongolera wotchi yachilengedwe.
Ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za thupi sizimakhala paokha. Kugwirizana ndi kuyanjana pakati pawo kuli pafupi kwambiri kuposa momwe timaganizira. Zinthu zotulutsidwa ndi selo zimatha kutumizidwa kumalo aliwonse m'thupi nthawi yomweyo; Zambiri za neurotransmitter zimafalitsidwa mwachangu ngati mphezi. Khungu lathu, monga chotchinga cha thupi lonse, ndilo kutsogolo kwa nkhondoyo ndipo limakhala losavuta kuvulala kosiyanasiyana. Pamene kuvulala kumeneku sikungathe kukonzedwa, mavuto osiyanasiyana monga ukalamba adzatsatira.
Choyamba, kukalamba kwa khungu kumayendera limodzi ndi kusintha kwa ma cell ndi ma cell, komwe kumatha kufalikira ku ziwalo zina kapena ziwalo kudzera m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa ma cell a p16-positive (chizindikiro cha ukalamba) pakhungu kumalumikizidwa bwino ndi zolembera zokalamba za maselo oteteza thupi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zaka zachilengedwe zapakhungu zimatha kuneneratu kukalamba kwa thupi pamlingo wina. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti khungu la microbiota limatha kuneneratu molondola zaka zakubadwa, kutsimikiziranso kugwirizana kwapakati pakhungu ndi kukalamba kwadongosolo.
Zolemba zam'mbuyomu zanena kuti ukalamba pakati pa ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za thupi ndi wosasunthika, ndipo khungu likhoza kukhala chiwalo choyamba chosonyeza zizindikiro za ukalamba. Malingana ndi kugwirizana kwapafupi pakati pa ukalamba wa khungu ndi ziwalo zina za thupi, anthu ali ndi chifukwa chokayikira molimba mtima kuti kukalamba kwa khungu kungayambitse kukalamba kwa thupi lonse.
Kukalamba kwapakhungu kumatha kukhudza ubongo kudzera mu dongosolo la endocrine
Kukalamba kwa khungu kumatha kukhudza thupi lonse kudzera mu axis ya hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA). Khungu silimangotchinga, limakhalanso ndi ntchito za neuroendocrine ndipo limatha kuyankha zolimbikitsa zachilengedwe ndikutulutsa mahomoni, neuropeptides ndi zinthu zina.
Mwachitsanzo, kuwala kwa ultraviolet kungapangitse maselo a khungu kutulutsa mahomoni osiyanasiyana ndi oyimira pakati, monga cortisol ndi cytokines. Zinthu izi zimatha kuyambitsa dongosolo la HPA pakhungu. Kutsegula kwa axis ya HPA kumapangitsa kuti hypothalamus itulutse corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). Izi zimapangitsa kuti gland ya anterior pituitary itulutse mahomoni a adrenocorticotropic (ACTH), omwe pamapeto pake amalimbikitsa ma adrenal glands kuti atulutse mahomoni opsinjika maganizo monga cortisol. Cortisol imatha kukhudza mbali zingapo zaubongo, kuphatikiza hippocampus. Kuwonetsedwa kosatha kapena kopitilira muyeso kwa cortisol kumatha kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito a neuronal ndi pulasitiki mu hippocampus. Izi zimakhudzanso ntchito ya hippocampus ndi kuyankha kwaubongo kupsinjika.
Kulankhulana kwapakhungu ndi ubongo uku kumatsimikizira kuti ukalamba ukhoza kuyambitsidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, zomwe zimayamba kuyambitsa kukhudzidwa kwa khungu kenako zimakhudza ubongo kudzera mu axis ya HPA, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zamadongosolo monga kuchepa kwa chidziwitso komanso chiwopsezo cha matenda amtima.
Maselo akhungu amatulutsa SASP ndipo amapangitsa kutupa kumayendetsa ukalamba ndi matenda
Kukalamba kwapakhungu kungakhudzenso thupi lonse polimbikitsa kutupa ndi chitetezo chamthupi. Maselo akhungu okalamba amatulutsa chinthu chotchedwa "senescence-associated secretory phenotype" (SASP), chomwe chimaphatikizapo ma cytokines ndi matrix metalloproteinases. SASP imagwira ntchito mosiyanasiyana. Ikhoza kukana malo owopsa akunja m'maselo abwinobwino. Komabe, pamene ntchito za thupi zikuchepa, kutulutsa kwakukulu kwa SASP kungayambitse kutupa m'thupi ndi kuyambitsa kusagwira ntchito kwa maselo oyandikana nawo, kuphatikizapo maselo a chitetezo cha mthupi ndi ma endothelial cell. Kutupa kwapang'onopang'ono kumeneku kumaganiziridwa kukhala dalaivala wofunikira wa matenda ambiri okhudzana ndi ukalamba.
Ma Coenzymes amatenga nawo gawo mu metabolism ya zinthu zofunika monga shuga, mafuta, ndi mapuloteni m'thupi la munthu, ndipo amatenga gawo lalikulu pakuwongolera kagayidwe kazinthu zam'thupi ndi mphamvu ndikusunga magwiridwe antchito amthupi.NAD ndiye coenzyme yofunika kwambiri m'thupi la munthu, yomwe imatchedwanso coenzyme I. Imagwira nawo masauzande ambiri a redox enzymatic reaction m'thupi la munthu. Ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa metabolism ya cell iliyonse. Ili ndi ntchito zambiri, ntchito zazikulu ndi izi:
1. Limbikitsani kupanga bioenergy
NAD+ imapanga ATP kudzera mu kupuma kwa ma cell, kumawonjezera mwachindunji mphamvu zama cell ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito a cell;
2. Konzani majini
NAD+ ndiye gawo lokhalo la DNA kukonza enzyme PARP. Mtundu uwu wa enzyme umagwira nawo ntchito yokonza DNA, umathandizira kukonza DNA ndi maselo owonongeka, amachepetsa mwayi wa kusintha kwa maselo, ndikuletsa kuchitika kwa khansa;
3. Yambitsani mapuloteni onse a moyo wautali
NAD + imatha kuyambitsa mapuloteni onse 7 a moyo wautali, kotero NAD + imakhudza kwambiri kuletsa kukalamba komanso kukulitsa moyo;
4. Kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi
NAD + imalimbitsa chitetezo chamthupi ndikuwongolera chitetezo cham'manja mwa kusankha kupulumuka ndikugwira ntchito kwa ma T cell owongolera.
Makamaka, kukalamba kumatsagana ndi kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa minofu ndi ma cell a NAD+ muzamoyo zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza makoswe ndi anthu. Kutsika kwa milingo ya NAD + kumalumikizidwa ndi matenda ambiri okhudzana ndi ukalamba, kuphatikiza kuchepa kwa chidziwitso, khansa, matenda a metabolic, sarcopenia, ndi kufooka.
Palibe kuchuluka kwa NAD + kosatha m'thupi lathu. Zomwe zili ndi zochita za NAD + m'thupi la munthu zidzacheperachepera ndi zaka, ndipo zimachepa kwambiri akakwanitsa zaka 30, zomwe zimapangitsa kukalamba kwa ma cell, apoptosis komanso kutayika kwa kubadwanso. .
Kuphatikiza apo, kuchepetsedwa kwa NAD + kudzadzetsanso mavuto angapo azaumoyo, kotero ngati NAD + singathe kubwezeredwa munthawi yake, zotsatira zake zitha kuganiziridwa.
Zowonjezera kuchokera ku chakudya
Zakudya monga kabichi, broccoli, avocado, steak, bowa, ndi edamame zili ndi NAD + precursors, zomwe zimatha kusinthidwa kukhala NAD * yogwira m'thupi pambuyo poyamwa.
Chepetsani zakudya ndi zopatsa mphamvu
Kuletsa kwapakatikati kwa caloric kumatha kuyambitsa njira zowona mphamvu mkati mwa maselo ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa NAD *.
Pitirizani kuyenda ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi
Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi monga kuthamanga ndi kusambira zimatha kukulitsa milingo ya NAD +, kuthandizira kuchulukitsa mpweya m'thupi komanso kusintha mphamvu zamagetsi.
Tsatirani makhalidwe abwino ogona
Tikagona, thupi la munthu limachita zinthu zambiri zofunika kwambiri za kagayidwe kachakudya ndi kukonza zinthu, kuphatikizapo kaphatikizidwe ka NAD*.Kugona mokwanira kumathandiza kuti NAD ikhale yokwanira*
05Supplement NAD+ precursor zinthu
Anthu otsatirawa sangalandire chithandizo
Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lochepa la impso, omwe akudwala dialysis, odwala khunyu, amayi apakati, amayi oyamwitsa, ana, omwe akulandira chithandizo cha khansa, omwe amamwa mankhwala, ndi omwe ali ndi mbiri ya ziwengo, chonde funsani dokotala wanu.
Q: Kodi zowonjezera za NAD + zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji?
A: NAD + supplement ndi chakudya chopatsa thanzi chomwe chimawonjezera coenzyme NAD + (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). NAD + imatenga gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera mphamvu zamagetsi ndikukonzanso ma cell mkati mwa ma cell.
Q: Kodi zowonjezera za NAD + zimagwiradi ntchito?
A: Kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa kuti zowonjezera za NAD + zitha kuthandiza kusintha kagayidwe kazakudya zama cell ndikuchepetsa ukalamba.
Q: Kodi magwero azakudya a NAD + ndi ati?
A: Zakudya za NAD + zimaphatikizapo nyama, nsomba, mkaka, nyemba, mtedza ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Zakudya izi zimakhala ndi niacinamide ndi niacin zambiri, zomwe zimatha kusinthidwa kukhala NAD + m'thupi.
Q: Kodi ndingasankhe bwanji chowonjezera cha NAD +?
A: Posankha zowonjezera za NAD +, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muyambe mwafuna upangiri kwa dokotala kapena katswiri wazakudya kuti mumvetsetse zosowa zanu zazakudya komanso momwe mulili wathanzi. Kuphatikiza apo, sankhani mtundu wodziwika bwino, yang'anani zopangira ndi mlingo wake, ndipo tsatirani chitsogozo cha mlingo wazomwe mukuyikapo.
Chodzikanira: Nkhaniyi ndi yachidziwitso chokhacho ndipo siyenera kuwonedwa ngati upangiri wachipatala. Zina mwazolemba zamabulogu zimachokera pa intaneti ndipo sizodziwika. Webusaitiyi ili ndi udindo wokonza, kusanja ndi kusintha zolemba. Cholinga chopereka zambiri sikutanthauza kuti mukugwirizana ndi maganizo ake kapena kutsimikizira kuti zomwe zili m'nkhaniyi ndi zoona. Nthawi zonse funsani dokotala musanagwiritse ntchito zowonjezera zowonjezera kapena kusintha ndondomeko yanu yachipatala.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-06-2024
