Kafukufuku watsopano, womwe sunatulutsidwe, wasonyeza momwe zakudya zomwe zakonzedwa kwambiri zingakhudzire moyo wathu wautali. Kafukufukuyu, yemwe adafufuza anthu opitilira theka la miliyoni kwa zaka pafupifupi 30, adavumbulutsa zomwe zapezeka zodetsa nkhawa. Erica Loftfield, wolemba wamkulu wa kafukufukuyu komanso wofufuza ku National Cancer Institute, adati kudya zakudya zambiri zomwe zakonzedwa kwambiri kungafupikitse moyo wa munthu ndi zoposa 10 peresenti. Pambuyo posintha zinthu zosiyanasiyana, chiopsezocho chinakwera kufika pa 15% kwa amuna ndi 14% kwa akazi.
Kafukufukuyu akufotokozanso za mitundu yeniyeni ya zakudya zopangidwa ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe zimadyedwa kwambiri. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, zakumwa zapezeka kuti zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri polimbikitsa kudya zakudya zopangidwa ndi zinthu zambiri. Ndipotu, 90% ya anthu ogula zakudya zopangidwa ndi zinthu zambiri amanena kuti zakumwa zopangidwa ndi zinthu zambiri (kuphatikizapo zakudya ndi zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi zokhala ndi shuga) ndizo zomwe amadya kwambiri. Izi zikuwonetsa udindo waukulu womwe zakumwa zimachita pa zakudya komanso momwe zimathandizira kuti anthu azidya zakudya zopangidwa ndi zinthu zambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti tirigu wokonzedwa bwino, monga buledi wokonzedwa kwambiri ndi zinthu zophikidwa, zinali gulu lachiwiri lodziwika bwino la chakudya chokonzedwa kwambiri. Kupeza kumeneku kukuwonetsa kufalikira kwa zakudya zokonzedwa kwambiri muzakudya zathu komanso momwe zingakhudzire thanzi lathu komanso moyo wathu wautali.
Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu ndizofunikira kwambiri ndipo ziyenera kufufuzidwa bwino za momwe timadyera. Zakudya zopangidwa ndi zinthu zambiri zopangidwa ndi zinthu zina, zomwe zimakhala ndi zowonjezera zambiri, zosungira, ndi zosakaniza zina zopangira, zakhala zikuvutitsa anthu kwa nthawi yayitali pankhani ya zakudya komanso thanzi la anthu. Zomwe zapezekazi zikuwonjezera umboni wakuti kudya zakudya zotere kungayambitse mavuto pa thanzi lathu komanso moyo wathu wonse.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mawu akuti "zakudya zopangidwa ndi zinthu zambiri" amatanthauza zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi zokhala ndi shuga komanso zochepa zama calories, komanso zakudya zosiyanasiyana zophikidwa m'matumba, zakudya zosavuta kudya komanso zakudya zokonzeka kudya. Zakudyazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi shuga wambiri wowonjezera, mafuta osapatsa thanzi komanso sodium pomwe zilibe michere yofunika komanso ulusi. Kusavuta kwawo komanso kukoma kwawo kwapangitsa kuti zikhale chisankho chodziwika bwino kwa anthu ambiri, koma zotsatira zake za nthawi yayitali zodya tsopano zikuonekera.
Carlos Monteiro, pulofesa wopuma pantchito wa zakudya ndi thanzi la anthu ku Yunivesite ya São Paulo ku Brazil, anati mu imelo: “Uwu ndi kafukufuku wina waukulu, wa nthawi yayitali wotsimikizira mgwirizano pakati pa kudya chakudya cha UPF (chokonzedwa kwambiri) ndi mgwirizano pakati pa imfa, makamaka matenda a mtima ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri.”
Monteiro ndiye anayambitsa mawu akuti "zakudya zopangidwa ndi zinthu zambiri" ndipo adapanga njira yogawa chakudya ya NOVA, yomwe simangoyang'ana kwambiri zakudya zokha komanso momwe zakudya zimapangidwira. Monteiro sanachite nawo kafukufukuyu, koma mamembala angapo a dongosolo logawa chakudya la NOVA ndi olemba nawo.
Zowonjezera zimaphatikizapo zosungira zotsutsana ndi nkhungu ndi mabakiteriya, zosakaniza zoletsa kulekanitsa zosakaniza zosagwirizana, mitundu ndi utoto wopangidwa, zotsutsana ndi thovu, zosakaniza zokulungika, zosakaniza zoyeretsera, zosakaniza za gelling ndi zopukuta, ndi zomwe zimawonjezeredwa kuti zipange chakudya chokoma kapena chosinthidwa shuga, mchere, ndi mafuta.
Mavuto pa thanzi chifukwa cha nyama yokonzedwa ndi zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi
Kafukufuku woyambirira, womwe unaperekedwa Lamlungu pamsonkhano wapachaka wa American Academy of Nutrition ku Chicago, unafufuza pafupifupi anthu 541,000 aku America azaka zapakati pa 50 ndi 71 omwe adatenga nawo gawo mu National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study mu 1995.
Ofufuza agwirizanitsa deta ya zakudya ndi imfa m'zaka 20 mpaka 30 zikubwerazi. Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti anthu omwe amadya zakudya zomwe zimakonzedwa kwambiri amakhala ndi mwayi waukulu wofa ndi matenda a mtima kapena matenda a shuga kuposa omwe ali m'gulu la anthu 10% otsika kwambiri omwe amadya zakudya zomwe zimakonzedwa kwambiri. Komabe, mosiyana ndi maphunziro ena, ofufuzawo sanapeze kuwonjezeka kwa imfa chifukwa cha khansa.
Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti zakudya zomwe ana amadya masiku ano zomwe zimakonzedwa kwambiri zitha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zokhalitsa.
Akatswiri apeza zizindikiro za chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima mwa ana azaka zitatu. Nazi zakudya zomwe adagwirizana nazo
Zakudya zina zomwe zakonzedwa kwambiri zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri kuposa zina, Loftfield adati: "Nyama ndi zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi zomwe zakonzedwa kwambiri ndi zina mwa zakudya zomwe zakonzedwa kwambiri zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi chiopsezo cha imfa."
Zakumwa zotsika kalori zimaonedwa kuti ndi zakudya zopangidwa ndi zinthu zambiri chifukwa zimakhala ndi zotsekemera zopangidwa ndi anthu monga aspartame, acesulfame potassium, ndi stevia, komanso zowonjezera zina zomwe sizipezeka muzakudya zonse. Zakumwa zotsika kalori zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha imfa msanga chifukwa cha matenda a mtima komanso kuchuluka kwa matenda a dementia, matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri, kunenepa kwambiri, sitiroko ndi matenda a metabolic, zomwe zingayambitse matenda a mtima ndi matenda a shuga.
Malangizo a Zakudya kwa anthu aku America amalimbikitsa kale kuchepetsa kumwa zakumwa zokhala ndi shuga, zomwe zalumikizidwa ndi imfa isanakwane komanso kukula kwa matenda osatha. Kafukufuku wa mu Marichi 2019 adapeza kuti akazi omwe amamwa zakumwa zoposa ziwiri zokhala ndi shuga (zomwe zimatanthauzidwa ngati chikho chokhazikika, botolo kapena chitini) patsiku anali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha 63% cha imfa isanakwane poyerekeza ndi akazi omwe amamwa pang'ono pamwezi. %. Amuna omwe adachita zomwezo anali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha 29%.
Sakanizani zokhwasula-khwasula zamchere. Chithunzi cha tebulo losalala pa maziko a matabwa akumidzi.
Kafukufuku wapeza kuti zakudya zopangidwa ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda a mtima, matenda a shuga, matenda amisala komanso imfa yoyambirira
Nyama zokonzedwa monga nyama yankhumba, ma hot dog, masoseji, nyama ya ham, nyama ya ng'ombe yokazinga, nyama yokazinga, ndi nyama yokazinga sizikulimbikitsidwa; kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti nyama yofiira ndi nyama zokonzedwa zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi khansa ya m'matumbo, khansa ya m'mimba, matenda a mtima, matenda a shuga, ndi matenda asanafike nthawi yomwe amabwera chifukwa cha imfa.
Rosie Green, pulofesa wa zachilengedwe, chakudya ndi thanzi ku London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, anati m'mawu ake: "Kafukufuku watsopanoyu akupereka umboni wakuti nyama yokonzedwa ikhoza kukhala imodzi mwa zakudya zopanda thanzi, koma nyama yankhumba siiganiziridwa Kapena nkhuku zophikidwa ndi UPF (chakudya chokonzedwa kwambiri)." Sanachite nawo kafukufukuyu.
Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti anthu omwe amadya zakudya zomwe sizinakonzedwe bwino anali achichepere, olemera, komanso anali ndi zakudya zosakonzedwa bwino kuposa omwe amadya zakudya zomwe sizinakonzedwe bwino kwambiri. Komabe, kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti kusiyana kumeneku sikungathe kufotokoza zoopsa zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha thanzi lawo, chifukwa ngakhale anthu olemera bwino komanso odya zakudya zabwino amatha kufa msanga chifukwa chodya zakudya zomwe sizinakonzedwe bwino kwambiri.
Akatswiri amati kudya zakudya zopangidwa ndi zinthu zambiri mwina kwawirikiza kawiri kuyambira pamene kafukufukuyu adachitika. Anastasiia Krivenok/Moment RF/Getty Images
"Kafukufuku amene amagwiritsa ntchito njira zogawa zakudya monga NOVA, zomwe zimayang'ana kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zakudya osati kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe zili m'zakudya, ayenera kuganiziridwa mosamala," Carla Saunders, wapampando wa Komiti Yoyang'anira Kalori ya bungwe la mafakitale, adatero mu imelo.
"Kupereka lingaliro lochotsa zakudya monga zakumwa zotsekemera zopanda ma calories ambiri komanso zopanda shuga, zomwe zatsimikizira kuti ndi zabwino pochiza matenda ena monga kunenepa kwambiri ndi matenda a shuga, ndikoopsa komanso kosasamala," adatero Saunders.
Zotsatira zake zingachepetse chiopsezo
Cholepheretsa chachikulu cha kafukufukuyu ndichakuti deta ya zakudya inasonkhanitsidwa kamodzi kokha, zaka 30 zapitazo, Green anati: "N'zovuta kunena momwe zizolowezi za kudya zasinthira kuyambira nthawi imeneyo mpaka pano."
Komabe, makampani opanga chakudya chokonzedwa kwambiri awonjezeka kwambiri kuyambira pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1990, ndipo akuti pafupifupi 60% ya chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku cha ku America chimachokera ku zakudya zopangidwa kwambiri. Izi sizosadabwitsa chifukwa pafupifupi 70% ya chakudya chomwe chili m'sitolo iliyonse yogulitsa zakudya chikhoza kukhala chokonzedwa kwambiri.
"Ngati pali vuto, ndi chifukwa chakuti mwina tikunyalanyaza kudya kwathu zakudya zopangidwa ndi zinthu zambiri chifukwa tikuchita zinthu mosamala kwambiri," adatero Lovefield. "Kudya zakudya zopangidwa ndi zinthu zambiri kungawonjezereke pakapita nthawi."
Ndipotu, kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu Meyi adapeza zotsatira zofanana, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti ogwira ntchito zachipatala oposa 100,000 omwe amadya zakudya zopangidwa ndi zinthu zambiri anali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha imfa msanga komanso imfa chifukwa cha matenda a mtima. Kafukufukuyu, yemwe adawunika kudya zakudya zopangidwa ndi zinthu zambiri zaka zinayi zilizonse, adapeza kuti kudya kunawirikiza kawiri kuyambira pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1980 mpaka 2018.
Mtsikana akutenga tchipisi ta mbatata zokazinga zokazinga kuchokera m'mbale yagalasi kapena mbale ndikuziyika pa maziko oyera kapena patebulo. tchipisi ta mbatata zinali m'manja mwa mayiyo ndipo anazidya. Zakudya zosapatsa thanzi komanso lingaliro la moyo, kudzikundikira thupi lochulukirapo.
nkhani zokhudzana nazo
Mwina munadya chakudya chomwe chinagayidwa kale. Zifukwa zake ndi izi:
"Mwachitsanzo, kudya zakudya zokhwasula-khwasula zamchere zomwe zapakidwa m'matumba ndi zakudya zotsekemera zopangidwa ndi mkaka monga ayisikilimu kwawonjezeka kawiri kuyambira m'ma 1990," adatero wolemba wamkulu wa kafukufuku wa May, Clinical Epidemiology ku Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health. adatero Dr. Song Mingyang, pulofesa wothandizira wa sayansi ndi zakudya.
"Mu kafukufuku wathu, monga momwe zilili mu kafukufuku watsopanoyu, ubale wabwino unayendetsedwa makamaka ndi magulu angapo ang'onoang'ono, kuphatikizapo nyama zokonzedwa ndi zakumwa zotsekemera kapena zopangidwa ndi shuga," adatero Song. "Komabe, mitundu yonse ya zakudya zokonzedwa kwambiri imagwirizanitsidwa ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka."
Loftfield akuti kusankha zakudya zosakonzedwa bwino ndi njira imodzi yochepetsera zakudya zosakonzedwa kwambiri muzakudya zanu.
“Tiyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri pa kudya zakudya zokhala ndi zakudya zonse,” iye anatero. “Ngati chakudyacho chakonzedwa kwambiri, yang'anani sodium ndi shuga wowonjezera ndipo yesani kugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro cha Nutrition Facts kuti mupange chisankho chabwino.”
Ndiye, kodi tingatani kuti tichepetse mavuto omwe zakudya zomwe zimakonzedwa kwambiri zingatibweretsere pa moyo wathu? Gawo loyamba ndikukhala osamala kwambiri ndi zakudya zomwe timasankha. Mwa kuyang'anitsitsa zosakaniza ndi zakudya zomwe zili mu zakudya ndi zakumwa zomwe timadya, titha kupanga zisankho zodziwa bwino zomwe timayika m'thupi lathu. Izi zingaphatikizepo kusankha zakudya zonse, zosakonzedwa nthawi iliyonse yomwe zingatheke komanso kuchepetsa kudya zakudya zokonzedwa kwambiri komanso zopakidwa m'matumba.
Kuphatikiza apo, kudziwitsa anthu za zoopsa zomwe zingachitike chifukwa chodya zakudya zokonzedwa kwambiri ndikofunikira kwambiri. Maphunziro ndi ntchito zosamalira thanzi la anthu onse zitha kukhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pophunzitsa anthu za zotsatira zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha zakudya zomwe amasankha komanso kuwathandiza kupanga zisankho zabwino pa thanzi lawo. Mwa kulimbikitsa kumvetsetsa bwino mgwirizano womwe ulipo pakati pa zakudya ndi moyo wautali, titha kulimbikitsa kusintha kwabwino pakudya komanso thanzi lawo lonse.
Kuphatikiza apo, opanga mfundo ndi omwe akukhudzidwa ndi mafakitale azakudya ali ndi gawo lofunika pothana ndi kufalikira kwa zakudya zomwe zimakonzedwa kwambiri m'malo osungira chakudya. Kukhazikitsa malamulo ndi njira zomwe zimalimbikitsa kupezeka ndi kutsika mtengo kwa njira zabwino komanso zosakonzedwa kwambiri kungathandize kupanga malo othandizira kwambiri kwa anthu omwe akuyesetsa kusankha zakudya zabwino.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-17-2024
