Phunziro latsopano, lomwe silinasindikizidwe likuwonetsa momwe zakudya zosinthidwa kwambiri zimakhudzira moyo wathu wautali. Kafukufukuyu, yemwe adatsata anthu opitilira theka la miliyoni kwa zaka pafupifupi 30, adawonetsa zodetsa nkhawa. Erica Loftfield, mlembi wamkulu wa kafukufukuyu komanso wofufuza wa National Cancer Institute, adati kudya zakudya zambiri zomwe zimasinthidwa kwambiri kumatha kufupikitsa moyo wa munthu ndi 10 peresenti. Pambuyo pokonza zinthu zosiyanasiyana, chiopsezo chinakwera kufika 15% kwa amuna ndi 14% kwa amayi.
Kafukufukuyu akuwunikiranso mitundu yeniyeni yazakudya zosinthidwa kwambiri zomwe zimadyedwa kwambiri. Chodabwitsa n’chakuti zakumwa zinapezeka kuti zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri polimbikitsa anthu kuti azidya zakudya zokonzedwanso kwambiri. M'malo mwake, 90% yapamwamba ya ogula zakudya zosinthidwa kwambiri amati zakumwa zosinthidwa kwambiri (kuphatikiza zakudya ndi zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi) zili pamwamba pamndandanda wawo. Izi zikuwonetsa gawo lalikulu lomwe zakumwa zimagwira pazakudya komanso zomwe zimathandizira pakudya zakudya zosinthidwa kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti mbewu zoyengedwa bwino, monga mikate yosakanizidwa kwambiri ndi zinthu zophikidwa, zinali gulu lachiwiri lodziwika bwino lazakudya zosinthidwa kwambiri. Izi zikuwonetsa kufalikira kwa zakudya zosinthidwa kwambiri m'zakudya zathu komanso zomwe zingakhudze thanzi lathu komanso moyo wautali.
Zotsatira za phunziroli ndizofunika kwambiri ndipo zimafuna kuti tifufuze mozama za kadyedwe kathu. Zakudya zowonongeka kwambiri, zomwe zimadziwika ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera, zosungirako, ndi zina zopangira zopangira, zakhala zikukhudzidwa kwa nthawi yaitali pazakudya komanso thanzi la anthu. Zotsatirazi zikuwonjezera umboni wakuti kudya zakudya zotere kungakhale ndi zotsatira zoipa pa thanzi lathu komanso moyo wathu.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti mawu oti "zakudya zowonongeka kwambiri" amaphatikizapo zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi komanso zotsika kwambiri za calorie, komanso zakudya zosiyanasiyana zamagulu, zakudya zosavuta komanso zakudya zokonzeka kudya. Zogulitsazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi shuga wambiri, mafuta osapatsa thanzi komanso sodium pomwe alibe michere yofunika komanso fiber. Kusavuta kwawo komanso kukoma kwawo kwawapanga kukhala chosankha chodziwika bwino kwa anthu ambiri, koma zotsatira zanthawi yayitali zakuwadya zikuwonekera.
Carlos Monteiro, pulofesa wodziwika bwino wazakudya komanso thanzi la anthu ku yunivesite ya São Paulo ku Brazil, adati mu imelo: "Ili ndi phunziro lina lalikulu, lanthawi yayitali lomwe limatsimikizira mgwirizano pakati pa kudya kwa UPF (chakudya chosinthidwa kwambiri) Kugwirizana pakati pa kufa, makamaka matenda amtima ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2. ”
Monteiro adapanga mawu akuti "zakudya zosinthidwa kwambiri" ndikupanga dongosolo la NOVA lazakudya, lomwe silimangoyang'ana pazakudya zokha komanso momwe zakudya zimapangidwira. Monteiro sanachite nawo phunziroli, koma mamembala angapo a NOVA classification system ndi olemba anzawo.
Zowonjezera zimaphatikizapo zotetezera kulimbana ndi nkhungu ndi mabakiteriya, emulsifiers kuti ateteze kulekanitsidwa kwa zosakaniza zosagwirizana, mitundu yokumba ndi utoto, antifoaming agents, bulking agents, bleaching agents, gelling agents ndi polishing agents, ndi omwe amawonjezedwa kuti apange zakudya zokomera kapena kusintha shuga, mchere. , ndi mafuta.
Ziwopsezo za thanzi kuchokera ku nyama zophikidwa ndi zakumwa zozizilitsa kukhosi
Phunziro loyambirira, lomwe linaperekedwa Lamlungu pamsonkhano wapachaka wa American Academy of Nutrition ku Chicago, linasanthula pafupifupi 541,000 Achimereka a zaka zapakati pa 50 mpaka 71 omwe adachita nawo National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study mu 1995. deta ya zakudya.
Ofufuza adagwirizanitsa deta yazakudya ndi imfa pazaka 20 mpaka 30 zotsatira. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti anthu omwe amadya zakudya zosinthidwa kwambiri amatha kufa ndi matenda amtima kapena matenda a shuga kuposa omwe ali pansi pa 10 peresenti ya ogula zakudya zomwe amazipanga kwambiri. Komabe, mosiyana ndi maphunziro ena, ofufuzawo sanapeze kuwonjezeka kwa imfa zokhudzana ndi khansa.
Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti zakudya zomwe ana amadya kwambiri masiku ano zingakhale ndi zotsatira zokhalitsa.
Akatswiri amapeza zizindikiro za chiopsezo cha cardiometabolic mwa ana a zaka 3. Nazi zakudya zomwe amagwirizanitsa nazo
Zakudya zina zopangidwa mwaluso kwambiri ndizowopsa kuposa zina, Loftfield adati: "Nyama zophikidwa kwambiri ndi zakumwa zozizilitsa kukhosi zili m'gulu lazakudya zomwe zimakonzedwa kwambiri zomwe zimakhudzana ndi chiopsezo cha kufa."
Zakumwa zokhala ndi ma calorie otsika zimatengedwa ngati zakudya zosinthidwa kwambiri chifukwa zimakhala ndi zotsekemera zopanga monga aspartame, acesulfame potassium, ndi stevia, komanso zowonjezera zina zomwe sizipezeka muzakudya zonse. Zakumwa zochepa zama calorie zimalumikizidwa ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka cha kufa msanga chifukwa cha matenda amtima komanso kuchuluka kwa matenda a dementia, mtundu wa 2 shuga, kunenepa kwambiri, sitiroko ndi metabolic syndrome, zomwe zingayambitse matenda amtima ndi shuga.
Malangizo a Zakudya kwa Achimereka amalimbikitsa kale kuchepetsa kumwa zakumwa zotsekemera za shuga, zomwe zakhala zikugwirizana ndi kufa msanga komanso kukula kwa matenda aakulu. Kafukufuku wa Marichi 2019 adapeza kuti amayi omwe amamwa zakumwa zotsekemera zopitilira ziwiri (zotchedwa kapu wamba, botolo kapena chitini) patsiku amakhala ndi chiopsezo cha kufa msanga ndi 63% poyerekeza ndi amayi omwe amamwa zosakwana kamodzi pamwezi. %. Amuna omwe anachita zomwezo anali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha 29%.
Sakanizani ndi zokhwasula-khwasula zamchere. Chowoneka chathyathyathya patebulo pamiyala yam'mwamba.
Kafukufuku wapeza kuti zakudya zosinthidwa kwambiri zolumikizidwa ndi matenda amtima, shuga, matenda amisala komanso kufa msanga.
Nyama zophikidwa monga nyama yankhumba, agalu otentha, soseji, nyama yamphongo, ng'ombe yachimanga, njuchi, ndi nyama zophikira sizoyenera; Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti nyama yofiira ndi nyama zophikidwa bwino zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi khansa ya m'mimba, khansa ya m'mimba, matenda a mtima, shuga, ndi matenda a msanga pazifukwa zilizonse. zokhudzana ndi imfa.
Rosie Green, pulofesa wa chilengedwe, chakudya ndi thanzi ku London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, adanena kuti: "Kafukufuku watsopanoyu akupereka umboni wakuti nyama yokonzedwa ikhoza kukhala imodzi mwa zakudya zopanda thanzi, koma ham saganiziridwa ngati nkhuku. ndi UPF (chakudya chosinthidwa kwambiri). Sanachite nawo phunziroli.
Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti anthu omwe amadya zakudya zosinthidwa kwambiri anali aang'ono, olemera, komanso anali ndi zakudya zopanda thanzi kuposa omwe amadya zakudya zochepa kwambiri. Komabe, kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti kusiyana kumeneku sikungathe kufotokozera kuopsa kwa thanzi labwino, chifukwa ngakhale anthu olemera kwambiri komanso kudya zakudya zabwino amatha kufa msanga chifukwa chodya zakudya zowonongeka.
Akatswiri ati kumwa zakudya zomwe zasinthidwa kwambiri mwina kwachulukira kawiri kuyambira pomwe kafukufukuyu adachitika. Anastasiia Krivenok/Moment RF/Getty Images
"Maphunziro omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira zogawira zakudya monga NOVA, zomwe zimayang'ana kwambiri pakukonza m'malo mwa zakudya zopatsa thanzi, ziyenera kuganiziridwa mosamala," adatero Carla Saunders, wapampando wa Komiti Yoyang'anira Kalori yamakampani, adatero mu imelo.
"Kupereka malingaliro othetsera zida zodyera monga zakumwa zotsekemera zopanda kalori komanso zochepa, zomwe zatsimikiziridwa kuti zimapindulitsa pochiza matenda monga kunenepa kwambiri ndi shuga, ndizovulaza komanso zopanda udindo," adatero Saunders.
Zotsatira zingachepetse chiopsezo
Cholepheretsa chachikulu cha kafukufukuyu n’chakuti zakudya zinasonkhanitsidwa kamodzi kokha, zaka 30 zapitazo, Green anati: “N’zovuta kunena mmene madyerero asinthira pakati pa nthaŵiyo ndi tsopano.”
Komabe, makampani opanga zakudya omwe amapangidwa kwambiri aphulika kuyambira pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1990, ndipo akuti pafupifupi 60% ya chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku cha ku America chimachokera ku zakudya zowonongeka kwambiri. Izi sizosadabwitsa chifukwa pafupifupi 70% yazakudya zomwe zili m'sitolo iliyonse zitha kukonzedwa kwambiri.
"Ngati pali vuto, ndiye kuti titha kukhala tikuchepetsa kudya kwathu zakudya zosinthidwa kwambiri chifukwa tikusamala kwambiri," adatero Lovefield. "Chakudya chosinthidwa kwambiri chikuyembekezeka kukwera pakapita zaka."
Ndipotu, kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu May anapeza zotsatira zofanana, kusonyeza kuti oposa 100,000 ogwira ntchito zachipatala omwe amadya zakudya zowonongeka kwambiri anakumana ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha imfa ya msanga ndi imfa chifukwa cha matenda a mtima. Kafukufukuyu, yemwe amayesa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe amadya kwambiri pazaka zinayi zilizonse, adapeza kuti kumwa kumachulukanso kuyambira pakati pa 1980s mpaka 2018.
Mtsikana amatenga tchipisi ta mbatata zokazinga zokazinga mu mbale kapena mbale yagalasi ndikuziyika pamalo oyera kapena patebulo. Tchipisi za mbatata zinali m’manja mwa mayiyo ndipo anadya. Zakudya zopanda thanzi komanso lingaliro la moyo, kudzikundikira kulemera kwakukulu.
nkhani zokhudzana
Mwina munadyapo chakudya chomwe chisanagayidwe.Zifukwa zake ndi izi
"Mwachitsanzo, kudya tsiku ndi tsiku kwa zokhwasula-khwasula zamchere ndi zokometsera zamkaka monga ayisikilimu zawonjezeka pafupifupi kuwirikiza kuyambira m'ma 1990," anatero mlembi wamkulu wa kafukufuku wa May, Clinical Epidemiology ku Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health. adatero Dr. Song Mingyang, pulofesa wothandizira wa sayansi ndi zakudya.
"Mu phunziro lathu, monga mu phunziro latsopanoli, ubale wabwino unayendetsedwa makamaka ndi timagulu ting'onoting'ono, kuphatikizapo nyama zowonongeka ndi zakumwa zotsekemera kapena zotsekemera," adatero Song. "Komabe, mitundu yonse yazakudya zosinthidwa kwambiri zimalumikizidwa ndi chiwopsezo chowonjezeka."
Loftfield akuti kusankha zakudya zosinthidwa pang'ono ndi njira imodzi yochepetsera zakudya zosinthidwa kwambiri m'zakudya zanu.
"Tiyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri pakudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi," adatero. "Ngati chakudyacho chikukonzedwa kwambiri, yang'anani za sodium ndi shuga wowonjezera ndikuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro cha Nutrition Facts kupanga chisankho chabwino."
Ndiye, tingachite chiyani kuti tichepetse kukhudzidwa kwa zakudya zomwe zimapangidwa kwambiri pa moyo wathu? Chinthu choyamba ndicho kukhala osamala kwambiri pa zakudya zomwe timasankha. Mwa kusamala kwambiri ndi zinthu zomwe zili m’zakudya ndi zakumwa zimene timadya, tingathe kupanga zisankho zolongosoka pa zimene timaika m’matupi athu. Izi zingaphatikizepo kusankha zakudya zonse, zosakonzedwa ngati kuli kotheka komanso kuchepetsa kudya kwa zinthu zokonzedwa bwino komanso zopakidwa.
Kuphatikiza apo, kudziwitsa anthu za kuopsa kokhudzana ndi kudya kwambiri zakudya zomwe zasinthidwa kwambiri ndikofunikira. Maphunziro ndi makampeni azaumoyo wa anthu atha kukhala ndi gawo lalikulu pophunzitsa anthu za zomwe zingakhudze thanzi lawo posankha zakudya ndikuwathandiza kupanga zisankho zathanzi. Mwa kulimbikitsa kumvetsetsa mozama za mgwirizano pakati pa zakudya ndi moyo wautali, tikhoza kulimbikitsa kusintha kwabwino kwa kadyedwe ndi thanzi labwino.
Kuphatikiza apo, opanga mfundo ndi omwe akuchita nawo gawo lazakudya ali ndi gawo lofunikira kuthana ndi kufalikira kwazakudya zosinthidwa kwambiri m'malo azakudya. Kukhazikitsa malamulo ndi njira zomwe zimalimbikitsa kupezeka ndi kugulidwa kwa zosankha zathanzi, zosasinthidwa pang'ono zitha kuthandizira kupanga malo othandizira anthu omwe amayesetsa kupanga zisankho zathanzi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-17-2024
