Autophagy ndi njira yachilengedwe m'maselo athu yomwe imakhala ngati mlonda kuti titeteze thanzi lathu pophwanya zida zakale, zowonongeka zama cell ndikuzibwezeretsanso kukhala mphamvu. Njira yodziyeretsera imeneyi imathandiza kwambiri kukhala ndi thanzi labwino, kupewa matenda komanso kutalikitsa moyo. Mwamwayi, pali njira zingapo zomwe tingapititsire ndikulimbikitsa autophagy kuti maselo athu azigwira ntchito bwino.
Mawu akuti autophagy, otengedwa ku mawu achi Greek akuti "auto" kutanthauza "kudzikonda" ndi "phagy" kutanthauza kudya, amatanthauza njira yofunikira ya ma cell yomwe imalola kuti maselo awonongeke ndikubwezeretsanso zigawo zawo. Itha kuonedwa ngati njira yodziyeretsa yokha yomwe imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakusunga thanzi la ma cell ndi homeostasis.
M'matupi athu, mamiliyoni ambiri a maselo nthawi zonse akukumana ndi autophagy kuti achotse mapuloteni owonongeka kapena olakwika, organelles osagwira ntchito ndi zinyalala zina zam'manja. Izi zimathandiza kupewa kudzikundikira kwa poizoni ndikuthandizira kubwezeretsanso ma macromolecules, kuonetsetsa kuti maselo akugwira ntchito bwino.
njira yochitira
Autophagyimagwira ntchito m'njira zingapo zovuta kwambiri komanso zoyendetsedwa molimba. Njirayi imayamba ndi kupangidwa kwa ziwalo ziwiri zomwe zimatchedwa autophagosomes, zomwe zimadzaza zigawo zomwe zimapangidwira mkati mwa maselo. Kenako autophagosome imalumikizana ndi lysosome, organelle yapadera yokhala ndi michere yambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zomwe zili mkati mwake ziwonongeke.
Pali mitundu itatu yayikulu ya autophagy: macroautophagy, microautophagy, ndi chaperone-mediated autophagy. Macroautophagy imakhudza kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa zigawo za ma cell, pomwe microautophagy imakhudza kulowetsedwa kwa zinthu za cytoplasmic ndi ma lysosomes. Kumbali ina, chaperone-mediated autophagy imayang'ana kwambiri mapuloteni kuti awonongeke.
Conditioning ndi Signaling
Autophagy imayendetsedwa mwamphamvu ndi njira zingapo zowonetsera poyankha zovuta zosiyanasiyana zama cell, monga kusowa kwa michere, kupsinjika kwa okosijeni, matenda ndi kuphatikiza mapuloteni. Mmodzi mwa omwe amawongolera autophagy ndi chandamale cha mammalian cha rapamycin (mTOR), protein kinase yomwe imalepheretsa autophagy pamene zakudya zili zambiri. Komabe, pansi pamikhalidwe ya kuchepa kwa michere, kuwonetsa kwa mTOR kumaletsedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti autophagy activation.
1. Kusala kudya kwakanthawi:
Pochepetsa mazenera odyetsera, kusala kudya kwapakatikati kumapangitsa thupi kukhala losala kudya kwanthawi yayitali, zomwe zimapangitsa maselo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zosungidwa ndikuyambitsa autophagy.
2. Zolimbitsa thupi:
Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi sikumangosunga matupi athu kukhala athanzi, komanso kumagwira ntchito ngati choyambitsa champhamvu cha autophagy. Kuchita nawo masewera olimbitsa thupi a aerobic ndi kukana kumayambitsa autophagy, kulimbikitsa kuyeretsa ndi kutsitsimuka pamlingo wa ma cell.
3. Kuletsa zopatsa mphamvu:
Kuphatikiza pa kusala kudya kwapakatikati, kuletsa kwa caloric (CR) ndi njira ina yotsimikiziridwa yolimbikitsira autophagy. Pochepetsa ma calorie anu onse, CR imakakamiza ma cell anu kuti asunge mphamvu ndikuyambitsa autophagy kuti asunge ntchito zofunika.
4. Zakudya za Ketogenic:
Ntchito ya Autophagic imakulitsidwa ndikupangitsa ketosis mwa kuletsa kwambiri kudya kwamafuta komanso kuchuluka kwamafuta.
5. Zakudya zokhala ndi phytochemicals:
Mitundu ina ya zomera, makamaka yomwe imapezeka mu zipatso zokongola, ndiwo zamasamba ndi zonunkhira, imakhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa autophagy.
6. Tengani zowonjezera zowonjezera:
Autophagy imatha kukopeka ndikuwonjezera zowonjezera za autophagy pazakudya kuti zilimbikitse thanzi.
1. Tiyi wobiriwira
Wolemera mu mankhwala ophera antioxidant ngati makatekini, tiyi wobiriwira wakhala akudziwika chifukwa cha thanzi lake. Kuphatikiza pa kuthekera kwake kulimbikitsa kagayidwe kachakudya ndikuthandizira kuchepetsa thupi, tiyi wobiriwira wawonetsedwanso kuti amayambitsa autophagy. Ma polyphenols omwe amapezeka mu tiyi wobiriwira amalimbikitsa kufotokozera kwa majini omwe amakhudzidwa ndi autophagy, omwe amathandizira kuti ma cell azikhala bwino komanso magwiridwe antchito.
2. Chipatso
Curcumin, yomwe imagwira ntchito mu turmeric yokhala ndi chikasu chowoneka bwino, imakhala ndi anti-yotupa komanso antioxidant katundu. Kafukufuku yemwe akubwera awonetsa kuti curcumin imathanso kuyambitsa autophagy mwa kuyambitsa njira zina zama cell. Kuphatikizira turmeric muzakudya zanu, kaya kuphika kapena ngati chowonjezera, kungathandize kugwiritsa ntchito kuthekera kwa autophagy kuti mukhale ndi thanzi.
3. Berberine
Kafukufuku wowunika berberine adapeza kuti gululi litha kukhalanso ndi kuthekera koyambitsa autophagy. Berberine imapezeka mu zipatso, turmeric, ndi zitsamba zina.
4. Zipatso
Zipatso monga blueberries, sitiroberi, ndi raspberries sizokoma kokha, koma zodzaza ndi zinthu zolimbikitsa thanzi. Zipatso zowoneka bwinozi zili ndi ma polyphenols, mankhwala omwe amadziwika kuti amathandizira autophagy. Mwa kudya zipatso zosiyanasiyana zatsopano kapena zowuma, mutha kuwonetsetsa kuti pali zinthu zambiri zopindulitsa zomwe zimathandizira kuti pakhale njira yolimba komanso yothandiza ya autophagy.
5. Cruciferous masamba
Zamasamba za Cruciferous, kuphatikizapo broccoli, kolifulawa, kale ndi Brussels zikumera, zimakhala ndi mankhwala ochititsa chidwi a thanzi, monga sulforaphane ndi indole-3-carbinol. Mankhwalawa awonetsedwa kuti amayambitsa autophagy ndikuletsa kuwonongeka kwa ma cell chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwa okosijeni. Kuphatikizika kwazakudya zamasamba osiyanasiyana a cruciferous sikungopereka zakudya zofunikira komanso kumalimbikitsa kulowetsedwa kwa autophagy.
1. Curcumin
Curcumin, chogwiritsidwa ntchito mu turmeric, wakhala amtengo wapatali chifukwa cha anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Kafukufuku waposachedwa wawonetsanso kuti curcumin imatha kuyambitsa autophagy, yomwe imapangitsa thanzi la ma cell. Curcumin imayendetsa majini enieni ndi njira zowonetsera zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kayendetsedwe ka autophagy. Kuthekera kwake kukulitsa autophagy kumatha kupindulitsa matenda osiyanasiyana okhudzana ndi kupsinjika kwa okosijeni komanso kusagwira bwino kwa ma cell.
2. Berberine
Berberine ndi mankhwala achilengedwe omwe amapezeka muzomera zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza barberry ndi goldenseal. Chowonjezera champhamvu cha botanical ichi chaphunziridwa mozama chifukwa cha chithandizo chake pamikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kusokonezeka kwa metabolic. Berberine adapezekanso kuti apangitse autophagy mwa kusintha mawonekedwe a majini okhudzana ndi autophagy. Powonjezera ndi berberine, mutha kupititsa patsogolo autophagy ndikusintha thanzi la ma cell, makamaka pankhani ya thanzi la metabolism.
3. Spermidine
Spermidine (spermidine) ndi tinthu tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'onoting'ono timene timapezeka m'maselo. Kafukufuku wapeza kuti pali ubale wapamtima pakati pa spermidine ndi autophagy. Spermidine imatha kuyambitsa njira ya autophagy ndikulimbikitsa autophagy. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti spermidine akhoza kuonjezera kufotokoza kwa majini okhudzana ndi autophagy ndikulimbikitsa autophagy mwa kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni okhudzana ndi autophagy. Kuphatikiza apo, spermidine imathanso kuyambitsa autophagy mwa kuletsa njira yolumikizira mTOR.
Chodzikanira: Nkhaniyi ndi yongofuna kudziwa zambiri ndipo siyenera kutengedwa ngati upangiri wachipatala. Nthawi zonse funsani akatswiri azachipatala musanagwiritse ntchito zowonjezera kapena kusintha dongosolo lanu lazaumoyo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-01-2023
