Mphamvu ya taurine ndi yoposa momwe mungaganizire!

Posachedwapa, kafukufuku wokhudza taurine wafalitsidwa m'magazini atatu otchuka a Science, Cell, and Nature. Maphunziro awa avumbulutsa ntchito zatsopano za taurine - kuletsa ukalamba, kukonza zotsatira za chithandizo cha khansa, komanso kuletsa kunenepa kwambiri.

Mu June 2023, ofufuza ochokera ku National Institute of Immunology ku India, Columbia University ku United States, ndi mabungwe ena adasindikiza mapepala mu magazini yapamwamba yapadziko lonse ya Science. Kafukufukuyu akusonyeza kuti kusowa kwa taurine ndiko komwe kumayambitsa ukalamba. Kuwonjezera taurine kungachedwetse ukalamba wa nematode, mbewa, ndi anyani, komanso kungawonjezere moyo wathanzi wa mbewa zazaka zapakati ndi 12%. Zambiri: Sayansi: Mphamvu yoposa momwe mungaganizire! Taurine ingathenso kusintha ukalamba ndikuwonjezera moyo?

Mu Epulo 2024, Pulofesa Zhao Xiaodi, Pulofesa Wothandizira Lu Yuanyuan, Pulofesa Nie Yongzhan, ndi Pulofesa Wang Xin ochokera ku Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University adasindikiza mapepala mu magazini yapamwamba yapadziko lonse yamaphunziro ya Cell. Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti maselo otupa amapikisana ndi maselo a CD8+ T kuti apeze taurine mwa kutulutsa mopitirira muyeso taurine transporter SLC6A6, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maselo a T afe komanso kutopa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chituluke, motero zimapangitsa kuti chotupa chibwererenso, pomwe kuwonjezera Taurine kumatha kuyambitsanso maselo a CD8+ T omwe atopa ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya chithandizo cha khansa.

Pa Ogasiti 7, 2024, gulu la Jonathan Z. Long wa ku Stanford University (Dr. Wei Wei ndiye wolemba woyamba) linafalitsa pepala lofufuzira lotchedwa: PTER ndi N-acetyl taurine hydrolase yomwe imayang'anira kudya ndi kunenepa kwambiri mu magazini yapamwamba yapadziko lonse ya Nature.

Kafukufukuyu adapeza N-acetyl taurine hydrolase yoyamba mwa nyama zoyamwitsa, PTER, ndipo adatsimikizira udindo wofunikira wa N-acetyl taurine pochepetsa kudya komanso kuchepetsa kunenepa. M'tsogolomu, n'zotheka kupanga zoletsa za PTER zamphamvu komanso zosankha pochiza kunenepa kwambiri.

Taurine imapezeka kwambiri m'maselo a nyama zoyamwitsa ndi zakudya zambiri ndipo imapezeka kwambiri m'maselo othamanga monga mtima, maso, ubongo, ndi minofu. Taurine yafotokozedwa kuti ili ndi ntchito zamaselo ndi za thupi, makamaka pankhani ya kagayidwe kachakudya m'thupi. Kuchepa kwa majini m'milingo ya taurine kumabweretsa kufooka kwa minofu, kuchepa kwa mphamvu yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa mitochondrial m'maselo angapo. Kuonjezera taurine kumachepetsa kupsinjika kwa redox ya mitochondrial, kumawonjezera mphamvu yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso kumachepetsa kulemera kwa thupi.

Katswiri wa zamoyo ndi kaphatikizidwe ka taurine kagayidwe kake kakopeka kwambiri ndi kafukufuku. Mu njira yopangira taurine ya endogenous, cysteine ​​​​imasinthidwa ndi cysteine ​​​​dioxygenase (CDO) ndi cysteine ​​​​sulfinate decarboxylase (CSAD) kuti ipange hypotaurine, yomwe pambuyo pake Oxidation ndi flavin monooxygenase 1 (FMO1) imapanga taurine. Kuphatikiza apo, cysteine ​​​​imatha kupanga hypotaurine kudzera munjira ina ya cysteamine ndi cysteamine dioxygenase (ADO). Pansi pa taurine palokha pali ma metabolites angapo achiwiri a taurine, kuphatikiza taurocholate, tauramidine, ndi N-acetyl taurine. Enzyme yokhayo yomwe imadziwika kuti imayambitsa njira izi zotsatizana ndi BAAT, yomwe imaphatikiza taurine ndi bile acyl-CoA kuti ipange taurocholate ndi mchere wina wa bile. Kuphatikiza pa BAAT, kudziwika kwa ma enzyme ena omwe amayang'anira kagayidwe ka taurine yachiwiri sikunadziwikebe.

N-acetyltaurine (N-acetyl taurine) ndi metabolite yachiwiri yosangalatsa kwambiri koma yosaphunziridwa bwino ya taurine. Kuchuluka kwa N-acetyl taurine m'madzi achilengedwe kumayendetsedwa ndi zovuta zambiri za thupi zomwe zimawonjezera taurine ndi/kapena acetate flux, kuphatikizapo kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kumwa mowa, komanso kuwonjezera zakudya za taurine. Kuphatikiza apo, N-acetyltaurine ili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mamolekyulu olumikizirana kuphatikizapo neurotransmitter acetylcholine ndi acyltaurine yamafuta a N-unyolo wautali yomwe imayang'anira shuga m'magazi, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti itha kugwiranso ntchito ngati chizindikiro cha metabolite. Komabe, biosynthesis, degradation, ndi ntchito zomwe zingatheke za N-acetyl taurine sizikudziwika bwino.

Mu kafukufuku waposachedwapa, gulu lofufuzali linapeza PTER, enzyme yosakhala yachibadwa yomwe imagwira ntchito yosadziwika, ngati N-acetyl taurine hydrolase yayikulu ya zoyamwitsa. Mu vitro, PTER yophatikizana inali ndi mitundu yochepa ya substrate ndi zofooka zazikulu. Mu N-acetyl taurine, imasungunuka kukhala taurine ndi acetate.

Kuchotsa jini la Pter m'makoswe kumabweretsa kutayika kwathunthu kwa ntchito ya N-acetyl taurine hydrolytic m'maselo ndi kuwonjezeka kwa N-acetyl taurine m'maselo osiyanasiyana.

Malo a PTER a munthu amagwirizanitsidwa ndi body mass index (BMI). Gulu lofufuzali linapezanso kuti pambuyo polimbikitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa taurine, mbewa za Pter knockout zinawonetsa kuchepa kwa kudya chakudya ndipo zinali zolimbana ndi kunenepa kwambiri komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha zakudya, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa glucose homeostasis. Kuwonjezera N-acetyl taurine kwa mbewa zamtundu wonenepa kwambiri kumachepetsanso kudya chakudya komanso kulemera kwa thupi motsatira GFRAL.

Deta iyi imayika PTER pa node yayikulu ya enzyme ya kagayidwe kachiwiri ka taurine ndipo imavumbula ntchito za PTER ndi N-acetyl taurine pakuwongolera kulemera ndi mphamvu.

Ponseponse, kafukufukuyu adapeza acetyl taurine hydrolase yoyamba mwa nyama zoyamwitsa, PTER, ndipo adatsimikizira udindo wofunikira wa acetyl taurine pochepetsa kudya komanso kuchepetsa kunenepa. M'tsogolomu, akuyembekezeka kuti zoletsa za PTER zamphamvu komanso zosankha zidzapangidwa kuti zithetse kunenepa kwambiri.